box notes for 12-23

diffused

a movement outward

phoenician script

writing form based on 22 symbols that stood for sounds

judaism

founded by the hebrews and had a major influence on later civilizations

monotheism

belief in one God

torah

Hebrew Scriptures

satrapies

20 provinces in which the empire was divided

satraps

Rulers of each province in Persia. Their duties were to collect taxes, provide for justice and security, and to recruit soldiers for the army

royal road

stretched across the Persian territory - helped with control and trade

zoroastrianism

monotheistic religion that may reflect early ideas of heaven and hell

shiva

the main goddess of nature (Harrapa-Mohenjo Daro)

shang dynasty

1700 -1050 BCE ruling family known that took control of China

mandate of heaven

the belief that kings were given their power to rule from god

characters

50,000 Pictographs (a language)

oracle bones

animal bones and tortoise shells (how they consulted the gods)

silk

fine threads from silkworm cocoons woven into fabric

zhou dynasty

overthrew the Shang in in the 1050 BCE and lasted until 221 BCE, they are the longest lived of all dynasties

shi

men of service

patriarchal

social and political power dominated by men

kushite civilization

When Egypt was being dominated by the Hyskos, this civilization flourished (1500-1700 BCE)

phoenicians

Located on Mediterranean coast – near modern Lebanon. They were a trading people, they established colonies in Italy, Spain, and North Africa.

hebrews

Arose south of Phoenicia about 2000 BCE, and was influenced by Mesopotamia and Egypt

ten commandments

serves as the basis of many laws

exodus

Led by Moses, the Hebrews escaped Egyptian slavery (ca. 1200 BCE)

achaemenid persian empire

cyrus

he unified the Persian Empire (ruled from 559BC – 530BC)

darius

Cyrus’ son

alexander the great

conqueror of the Persians in the 330’s BC.

minoans

Late 3rd millennium BCE on the Island of Crete. Named after King Minos.

mycenaeans

Bronze era group on the Greek mainland. They were warlike and agressive and controlled trade across the Aegean Sea with Middle Eastern civilizations.

harappa/mohenjo-daro

the largest city located in present day Pakistan around 3000 BCE

urban planning

Sophisticated city planning that needed a strong central government

citadel

a fortified area that contained major government and religious buildings

plumbing

sophisticated underground/sewage system

cattle

also worshiped as a work and food source (Harrapa/Mohjen Daro

sumerian beads

found in the Indus river valley and Harappan seals found in Mesopotamia (traded with)

shang di

Supreme god of the Shang Dynasty

scholarly class

the shi were the forerunners of this and it gained great power during later dynasties