AP human Unit one all words

Map

a representation with an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities and roads.

cartography

the science of mapmaking

map scale

the relationship between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground

parallel

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

meridian

a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on earth's surface and terrestrial poles.

prime meridian

The meridian, designed as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

region

any area differentiates from surrounding areas by at least one

distortion

the act of being distorted

remote sensing

Studying an object or location without making physical contact

GIS

Geographic Information System, a computer system that analyzes geographically referenced this information.

GPS

Global Positioning System, satelite navigation based on a global network that transmit radio signals from earth.

Mercator projection

widely used for navigation charts(any staright line on a mercator projection is a line of a constant form)

robinson projection

a map that shows the entire world at once

gall-peters projection

correct size of countries and extreme distortion in the polar regions

goode homolosine projection

minimize distortion for the entire world

polar projection

an azimuthal projection drawn to show Artic and Antartic areas

isoline

lines drawn on a map connecting data points of the same value

dot distribution

a type of map that uses the density of dot symbols that are the same size to show the presence of a feature

choropleth

a map composed of colored polygons

graduated symbol

used to show quantitative difference between mapped features by varying the size of symbols

cartogram

a map in which the geometry of regions is distorted in order to convey the info of an alternate variable

location

the position of something on the earth’s surface.

toponym

another word for name, but is specific to locations

site

an area of ground which, town, bulding, monument is constructed

situation

defined as a location of a place relative to its surrondings and other places

absolute location

the location of a person/place in relation to another object

relative location

description of a place being related to others

cultural landscape

geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources

formal region

cities, towns, states and countries

functional region

social/economic function that occurs between a focal place

perceptual region

area defined by people's feelings or attitude

culture

attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society

S.P.E.N.D.

Social Political Economic eNviromental Demographic

Scale

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

Globalization

the expansion of econoic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. The process of globalization transcend state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and scales. ex- cultural globalization

Space

refers to physical gap/interval between 2 objects

Transnational Corporations

a company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where it's headquarters/shareholders are

Distribution

the arrangement of features in a space

Density

the no. of people who live in a defined land area, this can be used to describe location, growth, and migration of many organisms.

Concentration

the spread of a feature(dispersed/scattered or clustered/agglomerated)

Pattern

the geometric regular arrangement of something in an area

Uneven development

the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of globalization of an economy.

Distance decay

describes the effect of distance on cultural/spatial interactions

Space-time compression

the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be longing people closer together even though their distances are the same

network

a set of interconnected nodes without a center

LDC

Low-income countries, lowest indicators of society

MDC

High income countries

NIC

a country in which economic development is between LDC and MDC.

resource

any physical material constituting part of Earth that people need and value

sustainability

the use of earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that ensure resource availability in the future

conservation

sustainable use and management of earth's natural resources to meet human needs

preservation

maintenance of resources in their present condition with the little human impact

renewable resources

produced in nature more rapidly than consumed by humans

non-renewable resource

produced in nature more slowly consumed by humans

climate

long term pattern of weather in a particular area

ecosystem

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres they interact

erosion

When soil washes/blows away

environmental determinism

physical environment causes social development

environmental possibilism

physical environment may limit sense human actions but people have the ability to adjust and dominate their environment