Eukaryotic Cells

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to the evolution of eukaryotic cells and their functions.

Prokaryotic Cell

A small, simple cell that lacks a nucleus and organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic Cell

A larger, more complex cell that contains a nucleus and organelles, allowing for greater specialization.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The theory that eukaryotic cells originated through the engulfing of prokaryotic cells, leading to a mutually beneficial relationship.

Autogenesis Theory

The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through internal compartmentalization.

Symbiogenesis

The process of creating new species through symbiotic relationships between different organisms.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical diploid daughter cells.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes.

Diploid

A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell or organism that has one set of chromosomes.

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins (Rough ER) and lipids (Smooth ER).

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers that provide structural support and facilitate cellular movement.

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a cell divides into two equal parts.

Cell Differentiation

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

Compartmentalization

The formation of membrane-bound organelles within a cell, allowing for increased specialization and efficiency.

Autophagy

The process by which cells recycle their own components, including damaged organelles.