Practical 1 (based on 9/11 review)

This live trap is used for bats

Mist net

This live trap is used for small mammals

Sherman Live Trap

This kill trap is used for burrows and dens

Harpoon mole trap

This kill trap is used for small mice

Victor snap trap

2 types of hair growth patterns

1. Angora

2. Definitive

______ hair exhibits continuous growth (Ex: human head hair)

Angora

_______ hair reaches a definitive length and is shed periodically (Ex: fur, eyelashes)

Definitive

3 types of hair

1. Vibrissae

2. Guard hair

3. Underfur

________ or whiskers, are long stiff hairs that serve as tactile receptors

Vibrissae

________ ____ is a hair type that functions as protection and waterproofing, sometimes modified into spines

Guard hair

_______ is a hair type that consists of a short, dense undercoat and can function as insulation

Underfur

_______ are present in Therian mammals but NOT in Prototherians (Platypus/Echidna)
(knowt wouldnt let me finish the full word)

Nips

The ________ ______ separates abdominal (guts) and thoracic (heart/lungs) cavities

Muscular diaphragm

Mammals have a _ chambered heart

4

A _______ has teeth that are all the same size and structure (Ex: Dolphin)

Homodont

A ________ have multiple types of teeth of different sizes and structures. (Ex: most mammals)

Heterodont

4 basic types of teeth for heterodonts

1. Canine (sharp teeth)

2. Incisor (front)

3. Premolar (smaller molars between canine and molars)

4. Molar (large in the back)

A ________ is a gap between teeth (Ex: Beaver, Horses, Rabbits)

Diastema

A ___________ have one set of teeth (Ex: Hamster)

Monophyodont

A _______ have two sets of teeth (Ex: Humans → baby teeth)

Diphyodont

2 molar crown types

1. Hypsodont (high crowns)

2. Brachydont

__________ are high crowned molars for mammals that eat abrasive foods (Ex: Horses)

Hypsodont

_________ are low crowned molars (Ex: Humans)

Brachydont

5 molar shapes

1. Bunodont

2. Lophodont

3. Selenodont

4. Dilambdodont

5. Secodont

________ is a crown pattern with low, cone shaped or rounded cusps.

• Omnivores

Bunodont

_______ is a crown pattern with transverse cusps with intervening valleys, grinding teeth

• Herbivores

Lophodont

_______ is a crown pattern of crescent shaped cusps. grinding teeth

• Herbivores

Selenodont

__________ is a crown pattern shaped like a W and found in bats

Dilambdont

________ is a crown pattern whre cusps are reduced to 2 major cusps that form a cutting edge

• Carnivores

Secodont

A _______ ___ is a specialized secodont molar found only in Order Carnivora; blade like teeth that cut like scissors (last upper premolar and 1st lower molar)

Carnassial pair

A mammals bottom jaw is made up of a single _______ bone

Dentary

Jaw articulation in MAMMALS

Dentary → Squamosal

Jaw atriculation in REPTILES

Articular → Quadrite

Like reptiles, Mammals also have a _______ and _____ bone, but it is in the ear.

Malleus (Articular) and Incus (quadrate)

Vertebral column (top to bottom)

1. Cervical (7)

2. Thoracic (12)

3. Lumbar (5)

4. Sacral/Sacrum (varies)

5. Caudal (varies)

Shoulder/Front leg

1. Scapula (shoulder blade)

2. Humerus (upper arm)

3. Ulna (elbow → pinky)

4. Radius (elbow → thumb)

5. Carpels (wrist bones)

6. Metacarpels (hand bones)

7. Phalanges (fingers)

Hips

1. Ilium (Hip bones)

2. Pubis (Pubic bone)

3. Ischium (sitting bones)

Back Leg

1. Femur (thigh)

2. Patella (Knee cap)

3. Tibia (Knee → ankle)

4. Fibula (small on side of leg)

5. Tarsals (Ankle bones)

6. Metatarsals (feet bones)

7. Phalanges (Toes)

A (High round part)

Coronoid Process

B (Where muscle sits)

Masseteric Fossa

C (One whole lower jaw bone)

Dentary

D (Horizontal nub)

Mandibular Condyle

A (nose)

Nasal

B (Where incisors are)

Premaxilla

C (Top of head)

Parietal

D (Forehead)

Frontal

E (Back of upper jaw)

Squamosal)

F (Round high part)

Jugal

G (Line to back of skull)

Sagittal Crest

H (line from orbital process to sagittal crest)

Temporal ridge

I (Rest of teeth)

Maxilla

The ______ _______ _______ is the process (point) above the orbital.

Post orbital process

The _______ _______ is where the Squamosal and Jugal meet)

Zygomatic arch

The _____ ______ ______ is the ear hole.

External auditory canal

Number 14 is the…

Palatine

The V shaped bone inside of the nose is called the ____

Vomer

________ means hole.

Foramen

_______ means pointy thing

Process

______ means nub

Condyle

__________ _______ are the holes behind the incisors.

Incisive foramen

________ _______ is the hole under orbital

Infraorbital foramen

18 (Guitar pick)

Basisphenoid

16 (Tiny diamond)

Presphenoid

17 (Wings)

Pterygoid

26 (Big bumps)

Auditory Bulla

23 (Where skull meets neck)

Occipital Condyle

24 (Hole where cords go)

Foramen magnum

27 (hole on the back of orbital curvey thing)

Mandibular fossa

How do you calculate dental formula?

1. Split mouth in half vertically

2. Count teeth on top

3. Count teeth on bottom

4. Add similar teeth

5. Multiply by 2

Order __________

Didelphimorphia

Order __________

Eulipotyphla

Order _________

Chirpotera

Order _________

Cingulata

Order _________

Lagomorpha

Order __________

Rodentia

Order ________

Carnivora

Order ________

Artiodactyla

Order _______

Cetacea

A

Plains Country

B

Trans-Pecos

C

Rio Grande Plains

D

East Texas

1

Piney woods

2

Gulf Prairies and Marshes

3

Post Oak Savannah

4

Blackland Prairies

5

Cross Timbers and Prairies

6

South Texas Plains

7

Edwards Plateau

8

Rolling Plains

9

High Plains

10

Trans-Pecos, mountains and basins

Endemic species to Texas

1. Geomys attwateri

2. Geomys personatus

3. Geomys streckeri

4. Geomys texensis

5. Dipodomys compactus

6. Dipodomys elator

2 species in the plains country (A)

1. Geomys texensis

2. Dipodomys elator

2 species in the Trans-Pecos (B)

1. Sylvilagus robustus

2. Neotoma mexicana

2 species in the Rio Grande Plains (C)

1. Geomys streckeri

2. Geomys personatus

2 species in East Texas (D)

1. Geomys attwateri

2. Blarina carolinensis

There is only one member of Infraclass Metatheria in Texas. That species is…

Didelphis virginiana

A way to ID a Didelphis virginiana skull is by…

5 incisors on top and bottom

The animal on the far left is in Family _______

Talpidae