Chapter 12 - Synovial fluid

The functions of synovial fluid include all of the following except:

A. Lubrication for the joints

B. Removal of cartilage debris

C. Cushioning joints during jogging

D. Providing nutrients for cartilage

B

The primary function of synoviocytes is to:

A. Provide nutrients for the joints

B. Secrete hyaluronic acid

C. Regulate glucose filtration

D. Prevent crystal formation

A

Which of the following is not a frequently performed test on synovial fluid?

A. Uric acid

B. WBC count

C. Crystal examination

D. Gram stain

A

The procedure for collection of synovial fluid is called:

A. Synovialcentesis

B. Arthrocentesis

C. Joint puncture

D. Arteriocentesis

B

Match the following disorders with their appropriate group:

A. Noninflammatory

B. Inflammatory

C. Septic

D. Hemorrhagic

____Gout

____N. gonorrhoeae infection

____Lupus erythematosus

____Osteoarthritis

____Hemophilia

____Rheumatoid arthritis

____Heparin overdose

B, C, B, A, D, B, D

Normal synovial fluid resembles:

A. Egg white

B. Normal serum

C. Dilute urine

D. Lipemic serum

A

Powdered anticoagulants should not be used in tubes for synovial fluid testing because it interferes with:

A. Cell counts

B. Glucose tests

C. Crystal examination

D. Differentials

C

Addition of a cloudy, yellow synovial fluid to acetic acid produces a/an:

A. Yellow-white precipitate

B. Easily dispersed clot

C. Solid clot

D. Opalescent appearance

D

Which of the following could be affected most significantly if a synovial fluid is refrigerated before testing?

A. Glucose

B. Crystal examination

C. Mucin clot test

D. Differential

B

The highest WBC count can be expected to be seen with:

A. Noninflammatory arthritis

B. Inflammatory arthritis

C. Septic arthritis

D. Hemorrhagic arthritis

C

When diluting a synovial fluid WBC count, all of the following are acceptable except:

A. Acetic acid

B. Isotonic saline

C. Hypotonic saline

D. Saline with saponin

A

The lowest percentage of neutrophils would be seen in:

A. Noninflammatory arthritis

B. Inflammatory arthritis

C. Septic arthritis

D. Hemorrhagic arthritis

A

All of the following are abnormal when seen in synovial fluid except:

A. RA cells

B. Reiter cells

C. Synovial lining cells

D. Lipid droplets

C

Synovial fluid crystals that occur as a result of purine metabolism or chemotherapy for leukemia are:

A. Monosodium urate

B. Cholesterol

C. Calcium pyrophosphate

D. Apatite

A

Synovial fluid crystals associated with inflammation in dialysis patients are:

A. Calcium pyrophosphate

B. Calcium oxalate

C. Corticosteroid

D. Monosodium urate

B

Crystals associated with pseudogout are:

A. Monosodium urate

B. Calcium pyrophosphate

C. Apatite

D. Corticosteroid

B

Synovial fluid for crystal examination should be examined as a/an:

A. Wet preparation

B. Wright stain

C. Gram stain

D. Acid-fast stain

A

Crystals that have the ability to polarize light are:

A. Corticosteroid

B. Monosodium urate

C. Calcium oxalate

D. All of the above

D

In an examination of synovial fluid under compensated polarized light, rhombic-shaped crystals are observed. What color would these crystals be when aligned parallel to the slow vibration?

A. White

B. Yellow

C. Blue

D. Red

B

If crystals shaped like needles are aligned perpendicular to the slow vibration of compensated polarized light, what color are they?

A. White

B. Yellow

C. Blue

D. Red

C

Negative birefringence occurs under compensated polarized light when:

A. Slow light is impeded more than fast light

B. Slow light is less impeded than fast light

C. Fast light runs against the molecular grain of the crystal

D. Both B and C

C

Synovial fluid cultures are often plated on chocolate agar to detect the presence of:

A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

B. Staphylococcus agalactiae

C. Streptococcus viridans

D. Enterococcus faecalis

A

The most frequently performed chemical test on synovial fluid is:

A. Total protein

B. Uric acid

C. Calcium

D. Glucose

D

Serologic tests on patients' serum may be performed to detect antibodies causing arthritis for all of the following disorders except:

A. Pseudogout

B. Rheumatoid arthritis

C. Lupus erythematosus

D. Lyme arthritis

A

Serologic testing of synovial fluid for fibrinogen and C-reactive protein is performed to:

A. Determine clot formation

B. Determine the amount of inflammation

C. Detect osteoarthritis

D. Diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

B

Which of the following chemistry tests can be performed on synovial fluid to determine the severity of RA?

A. Glucose

B. Protein

C. Acid phosphatase

D. Uric acid

C