HISTORY - COLD WAR TEST

Marxism

An economic and political idea that states that the reason there is struggle in society is that there are social classes. Every member of society should be on an equal level. Developed by Karl Marx

Bolsheviks

A member of the extremist wing of the Russian Social Democratic Party.

Killed the Romanovs, then took power over Russia

October Revolution

Also known as the Russian Civil War, was fought by two political parties, the Bolsheviks and the Tsar loyal members. The Bolsheviks were known as the red army and the loyal members became known as the white army. Red army eventually wins.

Joseph Stalin

Born in 1878 in Georgia

Birth Name: Iosif Dzhugashvili

led small riots for the Bolsheviks before being noticed by Lenin and eventually became the General secretary in 1922

Satellite state

Countries controlled by a larger country

Potsdam

Pivotal meeting held in Potsdam, Germany on July 17th to August 2nd, 1945. Held by Stalin, Truman, and Churchill. Major question discussed: Post war reorganization of Europe and Asia - establishment of peace and administration of Germany.

Iron curtain

Term used to describe the ideological and physical division between Western and Eastern Europe.

Marshall Plan

The main objective of the Marshall Plan was to provide economic stability and the reconstruction of all european countries affected by WWII.

Berlin Blockade

Stalin ordered a cut off on all land and water access routes to West Berlin, which forced the allies out of West Berlin.

Berlin Airlift

The Allied forces had to send in supplies to West Berlin via air to rebuild West Berlin. Over 20,000 flights were sent with food, fuel and supplies, making it one of the most significant events in the Cold War.

NATO

NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. An organization involving the allied countries. The core idea is ‘an attack on a NATO country is an attack on all NATO countries.’

Warsaw Pact

Military alliance among the Soviet Union and its satellite states, generally the opposite of NATO. Countries also could not leave the Warsaw Pact.

United Nations

Formed October 25th, 1945, an organization with currently 193 members. Its main purpose is to maintain international peace among all countries involved. Headquartered in New York.

HUAC

Stand for ‘House of Un-American Activities Committee’. Investigated alleged communist activities.

Alger Hiss

A State Department Official who is accused of being a member of the communist party and is later convicted of perjury.

The Rosenbergs

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested in 1950. Accused of passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union and were executed in 1953.

Klaus Fuchs

Soviet spy that informed Stalin about the atomic bomb. Worked on the Manhattan project and believed that both the US and USSR should have atomic power.

Joseph McCarthy

Fueled the Red Scare with his accusations of communist connections among politicians

McCarthyism

Widely publicized hearings where McCarthy interrogated witnesses.

The Crucible

1953 play by Arthur Miller, story of Salem Witch Trials of 1692, wanted Americans to see how fear and false accusations can spread quickly and ruin the live sof innocent people.