Acid-Controlling, Bowel, and Antinausea Medications

Flashcards about Acid-Controlling, Bowel, and Antinausea Medications.

What lifestyle changes can help treat GERD?

Quit smoking, exercise regularly, sit up straight, eat small meals, chew food slowly, avoid heartburn triggers, wear loose clothing, sleep with head propped up, minimize caffeine and alcohol, avoid lying down for 3 hours after a meal.

What are the three main types of acid-controlling drugs?

Antacids, H2 antagonists, and PPIs.

What is the primary use of antacids?

To neutralize acid to relieve pain, heartburn, treat symptoms of GERD and PUD.

What are potential side effects of antacid overuse?

Metabolic alkalosis.

What are the four types of antacids?

Aluminum salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, and sodium bicarbonate.

What are the indications for Aluminum Hydroxide?

Peptic ulcer disease (GERD), lowers phosphate levels with chronic kidney disease.

How does Aluminum Hydroxide work?

Neutralizes stomach acid and binds phosphate in the stomach.

What is a common side effect of Aluminum Hydroxide?

Constipation.

When should Aluminum Hydroxide be administered?

After meals and at bedtime, 1-2 hours before or after other medications.

What are the uses of Calcium Carbonate?

Heartburn, symptoms of PUD, gastritis, calcium supplements.

What is a contraindication for Calcium Carbonate?

Renal Disease.

What are the side effects of Calcium Carbonate?

Kidney stones, constipation, gas, bloating.

What should patients avoid taking with Calcium Carbonate?

Milk.

When should you take Calcium Carbonate in relation to other medications?

Separately from other medications.

What are the uses for Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide?

Heartburn, symptoms of PUD, gastritis.

Who should not take Magnesium Salts?

Patients with renal failure.

What are the side effects of Aluminum antacids?

Constipation.

What are the side effects of Magnesium antacids?

Diarrhea.

When should you take Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide in relation to other medications?

Do not take within 1-2 hours of other medications.

What are the contraindications for Sodium Bicarbonate?

Patients with cardiac disease like CHF, HTN or renal insufficiency.

What is a side effect of Sodium Bicarbonate?

Metabolic alkalosis.

How should effervescent Sodium Bicarbonate tablets be taken?

Dissolve effervescent tabs.

What is Simethicone used for?

Help relieve Gas symptoms

What are the side effects of Simethicone?

Headache, nausea vomiting

How should Simethicone tabs be taken?

Chew tabs or swallow if soft gels.

When should most medications be administered in relation to an antacid?

1 to 2 hours before/after an antacid

What should be done to chewable tablets and liquid forms before giving?

Chewable tablets are chewed thoroughly and liquid forms are shaken well before giving

How much water should be administered with Antacids?

Administer with at least 8 oz of water to enhance absorption

What are examples of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid)

What is the indication for H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Duodenal and gastric ulcers. GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

How do H2 Receptor Antagonists work?

Blocks H2 receptors in stomach, reducing gastric acid secretion

What are the side effects of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Headache, GI upsets, impotence, confusion

What affect can smoking have on H2 Receptor Antagonists?

Smoking decreases effectiveness

When should H2 Receptor Antagonists be taken in relation to Antacids?

Take 1-2 hours before antacids

What are some examples of PPIs (Proton Pump inhibitors)?

Lansoprazole (Prevacid), Omeprazole (Prilosec), Rabeprazole (AcipHex), Pantoprazole (Protonix), Esomeprazole (Nexium)

When should PPIs be taken?

Take on empty stomach – at least 30 minutes before meals

What are the indications for Sucralfate (Carafate)?

Duodenal Ulcers

How often should Sucralfate (Carafate) be taken?

Take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime (4 times a day).

What are some nonpharmacological treatments for diarrhea?

Bananas, fluid, BRAT diet

What are some nonpharmacological treatments for constipation?

Fiber, fluids, movement

What are the treatments for Diarrhea?

Adsorbents, Opiates, Anticholinergics, Probiotics

What is an Adsorbent for diarrhea?

Pepto-bismol: bismuth salicylate, activated charcoal

What is a S.E. of Pepto-Bismol?

Increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools, confusion, metallic taste, tinnitus

What is an opiate for diarrhea?

Opium, loperamide, codeine

What is an anticholinergic for diarrhea?

Belladonna atropine

What is a probiotic for diarrhea?

Culturelle, florastor (lactobacillus acidophilus)

What does bulk forming laxatives do?

Absorb H20 to increase bulk, high fiber, distends bowel

Lactulose can also treat what?

High ammonia levels!

What should Bisacodyl be taken with?

Water. No Milk, antacids, or juices

When should Ondansetron (Zofran) be administered for Chemo?

At least 30-60 mins prior to scheduled medication