General Chemistry 1: Chapter 3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts from Chapter 3 of General Chemistry regarding mass relationships in chemical reactions.

Atomic Mass

The mass of an atom measured in atomic mass units (amu).

Avogadro's Number

6.022 x 10²³, the number of particles in one mole of a substance.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole.

Molecular Mass

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, usually measured in amu.

Empirical Formula

The simplest ratio of elements in a compound, determined from percent composition.

Mass Spectrometer

An instrument that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to determine atomic and molecular masses.

Percent Composition

The relative quantity of each element in a compound, expressed as a percentage of the total mass.

Limiting Reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from the given amounts of reactants.

Actual Yield

The amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction.

% Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100.

Chemical Reaction

A process in which reactants are transformed into products, accompanied by a rearrangement of atoms.

Balanced Chemical Equation

An equation that shows the same number of atoms for each element on both sides of the reaction.

Coefficient

A number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation to indicate the number of units involved.

Mole (mol)

A unit used to measure the amount of a substance, defined as containing Avogadro's number of entities.

Formula Mass

The sum of the atomic masses in a formula unit of an ionic compound, expressed in amu.