Population vaccination (go back and add cow vaccines later)

Powdered vaccines

Reconstitute with diluent

Use diluent specified for vaccine

Diluents that do not require refrigeration can be stored in areas of fridge that are not suitable for vaccines

How do you handle and store lyophilized vaccines

Reconstitute immediately prior to use

Check expiration date and match lot numbers

Mark vial with date of reconstitution if multi-use

Transfer diluent with sterile needle and syringe

Administer promptly using a new needle

How do you properly reconstitute a vaccine

Practice sterile technique

Never remove rubber stopper

Wipe stopper before piercing

Use a new sterile needle each time

Use ice packs to keep vaccines cool. Do not submerge in water

Always mark with date opened/reconstituted and your initials

How do you maintain sterility in multi-dose vials

Any undesirable side effect or unintended effect (including lack of desired result) associated with the administration of a licensed biological product

What is an adverse event

Vets encouraged by AVMA to report to manufacturers

Manufacturers are REQUIRED to report adverse events to USDA APHIS CVB

What is the process of recording adverse vaccine events

Abortion

PI animals

Endotoxin overload

Anaphylaxis

Injection site reaction

Doesn't work

What are some examples of adverse vaccine events

Be clear AND specific (say West Nile Virus instead of WNV)

Include location, route of administration, and amount (if LA)- subcutaneously, right front

Include vaccination details- serial number, lot number, expiration date

What should you include in your report of an adverse vaccine event

Rabies

Tetanus

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)

Western equine encephalitis (WEE)

West nile virus

What are considered core equine vaccines under the AAEP vaccination guidelines

Usually given IM in the side of the neck

Where are equine vaccines usually given

If vaccinated: vaccinate annually

If unvaccinated: give 1 dose, then revaccinate annually

When should adult equids be vaccinated for rabies

Initial: 2 doses. 4-6 weeks apart

Annual thereafter

Also vaccinate any time a horse is injured (no matter how small) or undergoes surgery more than 6 months after the last vaccination

When should adult equids be vaccinated for tetanus

If previously vaccinated: annual revaccination must be completed prior to vector (mosquito) season in the spring

If never vaccinated: 2 doses given 3-6 weeks apart. Revaccination prior to next vector season

Important notes: vaccines are killed. VEE is a reportable FAD and vaccines can confound testing in case of VEE outbreak. EEE/WEE may be cross-protective (should still give both)

When should adult equids be vaccinated for EEE and WEE (and to a lesser extent VEE- venezuelan)

If previously vaccinated: vaccinate annually in the spring (prior to mosquito season)

If unvaccinated:

Whole and canary: 2 doses given 4-6 weeks apart. Then vaccinate annually

Flavivirus: 2 doses given 3-4 weeks apart. Then vaccinate annually

If high risk with limited immunity (<5yrs or >15 yrs), vaccinate more frequently

When should adult equids be vaccinated for WNV

2 are inactivated whole WNV with adjuvant

1 recombinant canary pox vx (antigens expressed in vaccine-strain non-replicative canary pox vector)

1 inactivated flavivirus chimera vaccine (antigens expressed in vaccine-strain yellow fever virus vector with an adjuvant)

What are the different west nile virus vaccines used on horses

Recommended prior to breeding or 4-6 weeks prior to foaling

Currently only 1 is labeled as safe during pregnancy but others are used and considered safe among vets

When should pregnant mares be vaccinated for rabies

With unknown history: 2 doses given at 4-6 week intervals. Revaccinate 4-6 weeks before foaling

With known history: annual vaccination and 4-6 weeks before foaling

Protects against foaling-induced trauma, retained placenta, and enhance colostral intake for foal

When should pregnant mares be vaccinated for tetanus

If previously vaccinated: give 4-6 weeks before foaling

If unvaccinated: immediately give 2 doses 3-6 weeks apart. Revaccinate 4-6 weeks before foaling OR prior to next vector season (whichever comes first)

When should pregnant mares be vaccinated for EEE/WEE

If previously vaccinated: vaccinate 4-6 weeks before foaling

If unvaccinated: initiate a primary vaccine series immediately, though studies suggest a limited antibody response

Note: only 1 vaccine is currently safe

When should pregnant mares be vaccinated for WNV

From a vaccinated mare: 2 dose series given between 4-6 months of age, given 4-6 weeks apart

From an unvaccinated mare: 1 dose given between 4-6 months

When should a foal be vaccinated for rabies

From an unknown mare: 3 doses starting at 3-4 months. 1st and 2nd given 4-6 weeks apart. 3rd given at 10-12 months of age

From mare vaccinated during pregnancy: 3 doses starting at 4-6 months. 1st and 2nd given 4-6 weeks apart. 3rd given at 10-12 months of age

When should a foal be vaccinated for tetanus

2 dose series started at 4-6 months of age. 4-6 week interval

3rd dose given at 10-12 months (before vector series)

Same regardless of vaccination status of the mare

When should a foal be vaccinated for EEE/WEE

From a vaccinated mare:

Whole: 3 dose series. 2 @4-6 months with 4-6 weeks between. 3rd dose @10-12 months

Canary and flavi: 3 dose series. 2 @4-6 months with 4 weeks between. 3rd @10-12 months

From an unvaccinated mare: start @3-4 months and complete prior to vector season

ALL vax: 3 doses. 4 wk interval between 1 and 2. 8 wk interval between 2 and 3

If series is started during vector season, 2 and 3 should also be 3-4 weeks apart

When should a foal be vaccinated for WNV

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) (Bovine herpesvirus 1)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)

Parainfluenza virus (PI3)

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)

Clostridial vaccines ("blackleg")

What are considered core vaccines for bovines under the AABP vaccination guidelines

Rabies: typically only given if high human contact or for transport

Brucella: can only be given by federally accredited, state, or federal animal health official

What are considered non-core vaccines for cattle

IM in the neck

Where are vaccines given in cattle

At this point I got confused over the different types of vaccines for cattle so I need to go look at the lecture recording or something to figure out what I need to put here

Placeholder

Vaccinate with KILLED 10-way. Boost in 3-4 weeks

Vaccinate with multivalent Clostridial toxoid. Boost in 4-6 weeks

What is the vaccine protocol for a pregnant cow with an unknown vaccine history

Vaccinate with a MODIFIED LIVE 10-way. Boost in 3-4 weeks

Vaccinate with multivalent Clostridial toxoid. Boost in 4-6 weeks

What is the vaccine protocol for an open cow

Vaccinate all females 3-4 weeks prior to breeding with a modified live 10-way vaccine and a multivalent Clostridial toxoid

What is the RE-vaccination protocol for an adult cow

Consider boosting cows in last trimester of pregnancy with a Killed 10-way and a Multivalent Clostridial toxoid

For the new calf:

First defense (E. Coli)

Inforce3- IN (BRD pathogens)

What is the vaccination protocol for a baby calf

Before weaning:

Vaccinate with modified live 10-way and boost

Vaccinate with multivalent clostridial toxoid and boost

Vaccinate before shipping if not already protected

What is the vaccination protocol for an older calf (4-6 months)

Rabies

Distemper

Adenovirus type 1 (hepatitis) vs type 2 (resp, cross protective)

Parvovirus

Parainfluenza

Lepto

What are considered core vaccines for dogs

Bordetella (SC, IM, TM)

Influenza (LF)

Lyme (SC, LR)

Rattlesnake (SC, LR)

What are considered lifestyle vaccines for dogs

Varies by state

First dose is good for 1 year. Give between 12-16 weeks. Give next at 1 yr

Every dose after the first is good for 3 years

If a dose is missed, the re-dose will still be good for 3 years

When should a dog be vaccinated for rabies

Distemper

Adenovirus: type 1 (hepatitis- DHPP) or type 2 (resp, cross-protective- DAPP)

Parvovirus

Parainfluenza

DHPP and DAPP protect against what diseases

Start series at 6-8 weeks

Administer every 2-4 weeks until 16-20 weeks of age

Final dose in the series will be good for one year

Doses after that will be good for 3 years

If a dose is missed, goes back to 1 yr

When should a dog be vaccinated for DHPP/ DAPP

2 doses, after 10 weeks

Then annually

When should a dog be vaccinated for lepto

Right rear (SQ): rabies

Right shoulder (SQ): distemper +/- lepto and/or lyme combo

IN or oral: bordetella

Left shoulder (SQ): Bordetella, influenza

Left rear (SQ): lepto, lyme, coronavirus, rattlesnake

At what locations should the different canine vaccines be given

Rabies

Feline calicivirus (FCV)

Feline herpesvirus-1 (FVH1-> rhinotracheitis)

Feline panleukopenia (FPV)

FeLV when under 1 year of age

What are considered core vaccines for cats

Feline calicivirus

Feline herpesvirus-1

Feline panleukopenia

FVRCP protects against what diseases

FeLV at over one year of age

What are considered lifestyle vaccines for cats

1 dose given annually

When should a cat be vaccinated for rabies

Every 2-4 weeks starting at 8 weeks until 16-20 weeks of age

After that annually???

When should a cat be vaccinated for FVRCP

2 doses given 2-4 weeks apart

Annually afterwards (if they choose to do so due to lifestyle)

When should a cat be vaccinated for FeLV

Distal right rear leg (SQ): rabies, +/- feline distemper combo

Distal right front leg (SQ): FVRCP

IN: F. Distemper, Herpesvirus, calicivirus, +/- Panleuk

Distal left rear (SQ): FeLV, +/- distemper combo

At what locations should each feline vaccine be given

Feline injection site sarcomas (previous known as vaccine-associated sarcomas)

Underlying cause is not adjuvants, but rather chronic inflammation at the injection site

Can result from any injection, including Serenia, SQ fluids, etc, not just vaccines

Give any injections at distal extremities whenever possible to minimize harm to the entire body and facilitate amputation if needed

What are FISS