EBP Quiz

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes for ATN 625 focusing on the fundamentals, quality criteria, and levels of evidence in Evidence-Based Practice (EBP).

Evidence Based Practice

A systemic method of reviewing the best evidence, combining it with the art of athletic training, and making informed choices to treat the athlete.

Clinical expertise, patient values, clinical research

Components of EBP

Clinical expertise

The cumulation of experience treating and providing care to athletes, built through hours of observation and trial and error.

Facing a challenging case, deciding on a course of action, having that action confirmed by others

Benefits of clinical expertise

Patient values

The preconceived ideas and beliefs each athlete brings to the clinical setting.

Clinical research

A scientific and systematic process that generates evidence through hypothesis trying and sound methodology.

Eligibility criterion

Parameters that detail who can be included in a study

Randomization

A process that helps determine whether something made an impact or if it occurred by chance or as a result of a bias

Bias

Placing participants in a spot according to a notion that one group will respond favorably, which can falsely show support for a treatment.

Blinding

A method where participants are not aware that they were placed in the control or experiment group to prevent bias from participants and experimenters.

Relevance

The standard that participants should be similar in age, sport, and condition so they are all tested fairly.

Completion rate

The percentage of participants who dropped out of a study; a rate under 85% can raise suspicion.

Create a question, search for evidence, appraise the articles, synthesize the evidence, assess the outcome

Steps of EBP

Focused and searchable

Qualities of a good question

Sample size, poor writing, insufficient amount of data

What can affect the quality of a research article

Data that overlaps, clinical expertise, and athletes values

How to decide what to use

Background information/expert opinion

Clinical experience or reports of respected authorities, such as findings in a textbook.

Case control studies

Studies where a few participants are given similar intervention to follow, for example, a doctor publishing a detailed report of three patients.

Cohort studies

Research that follows a large group of people over time, such as following athletes going forward.

RCT

A similar group representative of a population, such as athletes or physically active people.

CAT

Documents from clinicians to share outcomes, such as articles of an assessment.

Systemic reviews

An analysis of the quality of studies by comparing results across multiple studies.

EBP Roadblocks

Difficulties finding and interpreting RCTs, incorporating them into practice, and a lack of time for athletic trainers to do research.

Patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcome

What is the PICO format

Evidence

Researched study outcomes that are published

Database

Online collection of articles

Search engines

Tools used to search more databases

Preappraised resources

Contain research that has already been evaluated

Meta search engines

Only search meta analyses

And, or, not

Boolean search operators

Narrows

What does AND do when searching

Broadens

What does OR do when searching

Excludes

What does NOT do when searching

Title, abstract, sometimes full article

What do you check for relevance when finding an article

PEDro scale, Oxford center for evidence based medicine scale

What is used to check for quality of an article

Evidence found, is it relevant and usable, how does it apply to the patient

What does it mean to synthesize the evidence and implement treatment

Measurable

Disease oriented outcome

Subjective

Patient oriented outcome

Disablement theory

How disabled a patient feels they are; athlete oriented

Health related quality of life

Health perception are proposed to affect the outcome; athlete oriented

Global rating of change

Athlete satisfaction and injury improvement

Minimal clinically important difference

Report effectivemenss of the treatment from the athletes viewpoint; patient oriented outcome, injury oriented

Minimal detectable difference

Improvement of tests/ROM; injury oriented

Reverse research

Finding an article and searching from its citations

Research

Search for answers through trial and speculation; not a method to prove anything

Reliability

Consistency in measures attained by people or instruments

Internal reliability

Considers whether similar questions on the same instrument are answered similarly by a participant, what you can control; if two similar questions receive two different responses

Retest reliability

Administering a test on more than one occasion; can skew results because athletes learn how to take the test

Validity

Something does what it says it does; can mislead patients

Face, content, criterion

Types of validity

Content validity

What is in something; covers aspects of what it is intended to

Criterion validity

Inclusion and exclusion

Gold standard

What does an instrument need to be compared to in order to determine criterion validity

Known groups validity

Ability of an assessment to differentiate correctly between a group with and without a condition

Predictive validity

Ability of an assessment to predict an event or outcome

Accuracy

Precise measurement; says the value is true

Specificity

How accurate a test is; rules things in

Sensitivity

How accurately an assessment can identify a problem; rules things out

Positive predictive value

Percentage who test positive; predicts in

Negative predictive value

Percentage that test negative; rules out

Diagnostic accuracy

Is what is being done the best method ; summary of measures allowing clinicians to arrive at a conclusion

Sensitivity and specificity

What are the most appropriate measures to use when determining the best assessment measures to use

Likelihood ratios

Uses sensitivity and specificity of a test to determine decisions

Defining what the researcher aims to analyze

How should diagnostic research begin

Reproducible, accurate, feasible

Measurements should be what

0.7

What number do researchers what their r value higher than

Cohens kappa

What needs to be reported to determine the risk of something occuring by chance

Retrospective

Historical review of an athletes medical history to identify risk factors of certain conditions

Prospective

Study that follows a group of similar people over a period of time to determine whether certain factors or conditions affect injury prevalence

Determine applicability, assess the quality, review the results, summarize bottom line

Steps in appraising diagnostic research

Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, purpose

CRAAP

Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies

QUADS

Generalizability and participant selection

Terms to define to use in QUADS

Prognostic

Research focused on foreseeing conditions or outcomes

Age, sex, history, symptoms

What factors need to be considered when developing a prognosis

Predictor variables

Independent variable that effects the outcome; athletes demographics, results from diagnostic tests

Correlation

The degree to which two variables are related

Regressions

Predictions based on multiple sets of correlation factors

ROC curves

Evaluates the performance of a classification model across all possible thresholds

P score

Probability that something could occur by chance alone

Critical appraisal skills program

CASP

Unfiltered information

Information from research studies whose methods are not evaluated prove by piece in combination with other studies

Filtered information

Studies that have been evaluated along with multiple similar studies by someone other than the researcher and then combined with those studies to form a comprehensive review of outcomes

Critically appraised topic

CAT