IPE 2 Module 5

what is the electronic system that manages the administration, financial, and clinical information necessary to operate a health care system?

HIS (hospital information system)

What is an important standard that facilitates communication in medical imaging; establishes software standards for exchanging electronic information in health care?

HL-7 (health level 7)

which system focuses on images and associated data?

DICOM

What does HL-7 focus on?

transmitting text-based information in a health care facility

what does DICOM and HL-7 work together to do?

create, view, store, and access images, reports, and patient records on different equipment from a variety of manufactures

what is HL-7 used to communicate between?

HIS and RIS systems

what does DICOM stand for?

digital imaging in communications in medicine

who developed DICOM?

American College of Radiology (ACR)

what is PACS?

picture archiving and communication system

what is a more recently referred to name instead of PACS?

MIMPS (medical imaging management and processing systems)

what system is a computer based storage, retrieval and viewing system for digital imaging examinations?

PACS (MIMPS)

what are some advantages of PACS/MIMPS?

1. ability to move images through the medical facility, as well as to archive the images

2. multiple users can access the digital images from MIMPS

3. system can be asked to retrieve prior exams from archive

what is included in the DICOM header?

technical factors, DAP reading, SID, Image format, receptor size, bit data, EI, and Patient information such as position and body part imaged.

demographic data such as type of study, acquisition data and time, patient identifiers, and patient gender.

Functions in the background.

what is the accession or order number associated with?

each exam performed; issues through the RIS system

What is a medical record number?

a unique identifier, appears in the DICOM header for every image acquired.

what display resolution is used by technologists at clinical workstations?

2000x2000 or lower

what resolution is used by radiologists at diagnostic workstations?

2000x2000 or higher by high resolution monitors

a single diagnostic image may reach ____ megabytes

4-5 megabytes

a CT exam may require _____ megabytes

MRI may require _____ megabytes

15-25

10-15

how does a PACS in the department interact with other computers throughout the medical facility and the world?

computer network or the internet

what does a computer network consist of?

3 or more connected computers that share resources and information

how can PACS networks though other departments than radiology?

1. PACS workstations are installed throughout the facility

2. PACS software installed on existing computers throughout the facility

3. Patient images can be integrated into the electronic health record (EHR).

what is LAN?

local area network; computer network limited to a relatively small area; serves a particular user group that share a server loaded with applications and data

what is a WAN?

Wide area network; covers a relatively large area.

uses transmission systems provided by common carriers

Networks share a server that has applications and data for the user group

LAN vs. WAN: which covers a smaller area but transfers data at a much higher rate?

LAN; usually a private owned network with secure communications lines, more, secure, and cannot be accessed by anyone outside the network

LAN vs. WAN: which covers a much larger area but transfers data at a much slower rate?

WAN; may be operated by a commercial firm or public entity, and transfers data over private or leased communication lines

what kind of network is equal, no one computer has control over another?

peer-to-peer; maximum number of connected computers is 10

least expensive to set up

what network consists of a centralized computer (server) that controls the operations, files, and programs of the computers attached to the network?

server-based network/ client based network

what most hospitals use

must be high quality and have high storage capacity

one dedicated server controls the network

every computer on the network has a unique identifier or address called?

internet protocol, or IP address

what connects the computer networks through a hard or wireless connection?

network interface card

what device can be used to connect several pieces of equipment together for networking?

network hub

what connects multiple network segments- speed of the connection depends on capability of the hardware?

Network switch

what is network switch measured in?

megabits per second

what provides a junction between two or more networks?

network bridge

what is a junction between two or more networks but is more sophisticated?

router; they can filter the information flow depending on the sender and recipient of the data

what is the difference between a bridge and a router?

a bridge uses the media access control to control data transfer

a router uses an IP address

what provides point of care access to images for physicians with the appropriate PACS software?

wireless access

what controls traffic between a single computer and computer networks with no security, or between a computer network in a trusted environment and a computer network in a less secure environment?

network firewall

what do firewalls prevent?

security breaches

what is a sophisticated encryption software that allows transmission of images in the PACS environment?

the internet

what is the challenge from viewing images from a CD?

viewing the image on the receiving end; viewing software is often loaded onto the CD that holds the image data