GOV Vocab Legislation

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Pork Barrel Spending

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39 Terms

1

Pork Barrel Spending

Government spending on local projects to benefit constituents, often to gain political support.

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2

Whip

A party leader responsible for coordinating votes and ensuring party discipline in legislative matters.

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3

Logrolling

The practice of exchanging favors, especially in legislative voting, where lawmakers agree to support each other's bills.

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4

Minority Leader

The head of the party with fewer seats in either the House or Senate, leading the opposition.

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5

Oversight

The process by which Congress monitors the executive branch and federal agencies to ensure proper implementation of laws.

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6

Senate Majority Leader

The head of the majority party in the Senate, responsible for setting the legislative agenda and guiding party legislation.

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7

Constituency

The voters and residents in a specific area represented by an elected official

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8

Committee Chair

The leader of a congressional committee, responsible for setting agendas, presiding over meetings, and guiding legislation through the committee.

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9

Apportionment

The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives among states based on population.

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10

Discharge Petition

A tool in the House of Representatives to bring a bill out of committee and to the floor for a vote if a majority supports it.

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11

Redistricting

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries based on changes in population.

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12

House Rules Committee

A committee in the House that sets the terms for debate and amendments on bills, greatly influencing legislative procedures.

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13

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party or group

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14

Committee of the Whole

House procedure where the entire chamber acts as a committee, allowing more flexible debate and amendment rules.

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15

Partisan Gerrymandering

redrawing district lines to maximize the advantage of one political party over others.

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16

hold

tactic where a senator temporarily blocks the consideration of a bill or nomination.

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17

Majority-Minority Districts

electoral districts drawn to ensure that racial or ethnic minorities have a majority.

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18

Unanimous Consent Agreement

agreement in the Senate that sets the terms for considering a bill, requiring all senators' consent.

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19

Malapportionment

Unequal representation in legislative districts, often resulting from population imbalances.

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20

Filibuster

senate tactic where a senator speaks at length to delay or block legislation.

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21

incumbency

holding of an office or the period during which one is held.

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22

cloture

Senate procedure to end a filibuster, requiring a three-fifths majority to proceed.

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23

Incumbency Advantage

electoral edge afforded to those already in office due to recognition, resources, and established networks.

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24

veto

president’s power to reject a bill passed by Congress, which can be overridden with a two-thirds majority in both chambers

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25

speaker of the house

presiding officer of the House of Representatives, responsible for legislative agenda and leading the majority party.

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26

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

federal agency that assists the president in preparing the budget and overseeing federal spending.

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27

Political Action Committee (PAC)

organization that raises and spends money to influence elections and support candidates.

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28

Entitlement Program

Government programs providing benefits to qualified individuals regardless of need, such as Social Security.

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29

House Majority Leader

the leader of the majority party in the House, assisting the Speaker in managing the legislative agenda.

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30

Discretionary Spending

Spending that Congress can adjust each year, covering areas like defense and education.

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31

budget deficit

When the government’s expenditures exceed its revenue in a fiscal year.

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32

national debt

total amount of money that the government owes from accumulated deficits.

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33

Delegate Role

When representatives vote according to their constituents’ preferences.

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34

Trustee Role

When representatives use their own judgment to make legislative decisions.

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35

Politico Role

hybrid role where representatives balance constituents’ preferences with their own judgment and party loyalty

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36

Bipartisanship

Cooperation between political parties to pass legislation or address issues.

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37

gridlock

situation where there is little or no progress in government due to partisan disagreements.

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38

divided government

one party controls the presidency and another controls one or both chambers of Congress.

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39

lame duck period

period after a new president or Congress is elected but before they take office, often marked by limited legislative activity.

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