The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Chapter 15

What lobe of the cerebrum deals with voluntary motor function, concetration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, and personality?

frontal lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum deals with general sensory function?

parietal lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum deals with hearing and smell?

temporal lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum deals with vision and stores visual memory?

occipital lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum deals with interpretation and memory of taste?

insula

What is the function of CN I (olfactory nerve)?

sensory = olfaction

What foramen is CN I (olfactory nerve) related to?

olfactory foramina of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

What is the function of CN II (optic nerve)?

sensory = vision

What foramen is CN II (optic nerve) related to?

optic canal of the sphenoid bone

What is the function of CN III (oculomotor nerve)?

somatic motor = supplies four extrinsic eye muscles (medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique) and opens eyelid; automatic motor = pupil constriction and focusing

What foramen is CN III (oculomotor nerve) related to?

superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

What is the function of CN IV (trochlear nerve)?

somatic motor = supplies the superior oblique eye muscle to move eye inferiorly and laterally

What foramen is CN IV (trochlear nerve) related to?

superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

What is the function of CN V (trigeminal nerve)?

sensory = sensations from scalp, nose, mouth, touch on anterior part of tongue; somatic motor = innervates the muscles of mastication to aid in chewing

What foramen is CN V (trigeminal nerve) related to?

superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone, foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone, foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone

What is the function of CN VI (abducens nerve)?

somatic motor = innervates the lateral rectus for eye abduction

What foramen is CN VI (abducens nerve) related to?

superior orbital fissue of the sphenoid bone

What is the function of CN VII (facial nerve)?

sensory = taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue; somatic motor = innervates the muscles of facial expression; autonomic motor = increases secretion from the lacrimal gland of the eye, as well as the submandibular and sublingual glands

What foramen is CN VII (facial nerve) related?

internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

What is the function of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)?

sensory = hearing (vestibular branch), equilibrium (cochlear branch)

What foramen is CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) related to?

internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

What is the function of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)?

sensory = touch and taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue; somatic motor = swallowing; autonomic motor = increases secretion from the parotid salivary gland

What foramen is CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) related to?

jugular foramen of the temopral bone

What is the function of CN X (vagus nerve)?

sensory = sensation from heart, lungs, most abdominal organs; somatic motor = speech; autonomic motor = motor function of heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs

What foramen is CN X (vagus nerve) related to?

jugular foramen of the temporal bone

What is the function of CN XI (accesory nerve)?

somatic motor = innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

What foramen is CN XI (accesory nerve) related to?

jugular foramen of the temporal bone, foramen magnum of the occipital bone

What is the function of CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)?

somatic motor = innervates tongue muscles

What does the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe house?

primary motor cortex

What does the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe house?

primary somatosensory cortex

What is the thin partition that separates lateral ventricles called?

septum pellucidum

What are the deep bodies of gray matter within the cerebrum, often paired?

cerebral nuclei

What does the pineal gland secrete?

the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm

What are the four little dots in the midbrain called? (has a superior and inferior)

corpora quadrigemina

What tract of white matter connects one hemisphere to the other?

commissural tract

What tract of white matter connects the different areas in one hemisphere to the other areas of the same hemisphere?

association tract

What tract of white matter connects a hemisphere to the spinal cord?

projection tract