[PL3.2] Inflammation and Repair version 2

What pattern of acute inflammation involves exudation of cell-poor fluid into body cavities like the pleura or peritoneum?

Serous Inflammation

What pattern of inflammation typically lacks microbes or large numbers of leukocytes?

Serous Inflammation

What pattern involves fluid derived from plasma or mesothelial cell secretions due to irritation or vascular permeability?

Serous Inflammation

What pattern of acute inflammation is characterized by the deposition of fibrin in extracellular spaces?

Fibrinous Inflammation

What inflammation pattern occurs when fibrinogen escapes due to large vascular leaks or procoagulant stimuli?

Fibrinous Inflammation

What happens if fibrin in fibrinous inflammation is not removed?

Scarring due to ingrowth of fibroblasts and blood vessels

What pattern involves accumulation of pus and edema fluid, usually in the form of an abscess?

Purulent (Suppurative) Inflammation

What is the causative agent of Purulent (Suppurative) Inflammation?

Pyogenic Bacteria

What serious complication may result from uncontrolled purulent inflammation?

Sepsis

Which type of necrosis is associated with purulent inflammation?

Liquefactive necrosis

What morphologic pattern is a local defect caused by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue?

Ulcer

What inflammatory cells and response are typically seen at the margins of ulcers?

PMNs, vascular dilation, and chronic inflammatory cells

Outcome of acute inflammation where there is a clearance of injuirious stimuli, mediators and acute inflammatory cells, replacement of injured cells, and normal functio

complete resolution

Outcome of acute inflammation by scarring or fibrosis

healing by connective tissue replacement

Outcome of acure inlammation by angiogenesis, mononuclear cellinfltration, and fibrosis scar

progression to chronic inflammation

What type of inflammation is characterized by prolonged duration with coexisting inflammation, injury, and repair?

Chronic Inflammation

What type of inflammation may follow acute inflammation or begin without signs of a prior acute reaction?

Chronic Inflammation

What type of inflammation is caused by persistent, non-degradable foreign substances?

Chronic Inflammation

What cause of chronic inflammation involves microorganisms that are difficult to eradicate, like mycobacteria and certain viruses?

Persistent infections

What type of immune reaction do persistent infections typically evoke?

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

What specific inflammatory pattern may result from persistent infections?

Granulomatous reaction

What cause of chronic inflammation involves long-term exposure to toxic substances?

Prolonged exposure

What are examples of exogenous non-degradable substances that can cause chronic inflammation?

Asbestos, silica, talc

What is an example of an endogenous substance that can cause chronic inflammation?

Cholesterol

What cause of chronic inflammation involves excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system?

Hypersensitivity diseases

What type of hypersensitivity involves immune responses against self-antigens?

Autoimmunity

What chronic inflammatory condition is caused by unregulated responses to microbes?

Inflammatory bowel disease

What chronic inflammatory condition is caused by allergic responses to environmental antigens?

Bronchial asthma

What type of cellular infiltration is a morphologic feature of chronic inflammation?

Mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

What leads to tissue destruction in chronic inflammation?

Persistent offending agent

What process involves the proliferation of small blood vessels as part of healing?

Angiogenesis

What healing response involves increased connective tissue in chronic inflammation?

Fibrosis

What type of chronic inflammation lacks epithelioid cells?

Non-granulomatous Chronic Inflammation

What type of chronic inflammations contains only histiocytes

Non-granulomatous Chronic Inflammation

What type shows diffuse proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and collagen?

Non-granulomatous Chronic Inflammation

What type of chronic inflammation is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells?

Granulomatous Chronic Inflammation

What is the hallmark for granuloma?

epithelioid cells

What cells are typically found in granulomatous inflammation along with T lymphocytes?

Activated macrophages

What is the purpose of granuloma formation?

Contain difficult-to-eradicate offending agents

What type of granuloma forms around materials like talc or sutures?

Foreign Body Granuloma

Do foreign body granulomas incite a specific immune response?

No

What type of granuloma is associated with persistent T cell–mediated immune response?

Immune Granuloma

What kind of agent usually triggers immune granulomas?

Difficult-to-eradicate agents

What are examples of causes of granulomatous inflammation?

Infectious agents, inorganic dust (silica, beryllium), lipids, unknown (sarcoidosis)