AP World History Study Guide Units 1-9

AP World History Study Guide Flashcards, Unit 1-9

What dynasty in China enjoyed great wealth, political stability, and artistic and intellectual innovations from 960-1279?

The Song Dynasty, which lasted from 960-1279, was a period of great wealth, political stability, and artistic and intellectual innovations in China. In other words, it's known as a golden era.

What waterway transportation system allowed China to become the most populous trading area in the world?

The Grand Canal is a waterway transportation system that allowed China to become the most populous trading area in the world. Thus enabling China to grow.

What spread from China to all parts of Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads?

Gunpowder, which is now commonly used as explosives, spread from China to all parts of Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads. Impactful Chinese Export.

What system did states use to pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor?

Tributes are payments of money or goods from other states to honor the Chinese emperor, which signified their acknowledgement of Chinese superiority and maintained diplomatic ties. Show of respect and gratitude.

What religion came to China from India via the Silk Roads?

Buddhism is a religion that came to China from India via the Silk Roads. Therefore being a religion from India.

What syncretic system evolved in China, combining rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism?

Neo-Confucianism is a syncretic system that evolved in China, combining rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism, influencing Chinese philosophy and governance. Chinese Belief.

Who battled for control of land in Japan's feudal society?

The daimyo were powerful feudal lords in Japan who battled for control of land in Japan's feudal society, which often led to regional conflicts and shifting alliances. Feudal Japan Conflict

Who installed a shogun, or military ruler, to reign in 1192 in Japan?

The Minamoto family installed a shogun, or military ruler, to reign in 1192 in Japan, marking the beginning of the shogunate system and a period of military dominance in Japanese politics. Military Tokover.

What country centralized its government in the style of the Chinese and adopted Confucian and Buddhist beliefs?

Korea is a country that centralized its government in the style of the Chinese and adopted Confucian and Buddhist beliefs, showcasing the strong influence of Chinese culture and governance on the Korean peninsula. Cultural Adopter.

Which country had women who enjoyed greater independence in their married lives than Chinese women?

Vietnam had women who enjoyed greater independence in their married lives than Chinese women allowing more freedom to the women.

What did Vietnamese officials owe more allegiance to instead of the emperor?

Vietnamese officials owed more allegiance to the village peasants than to the emperor, reflecting the decentralized nature of Vietnamese society and the importance of local communities this making it local allegiance.

What Muslim writer described her journey toward mystical illumination?

'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah was a Muslim writer who described her journey toward mystical illumination. Mystical Islamic Writer.

What did Islamic society view as more prestigious than did other societies in Europe and Asia?

Islamic society viewed merchants as more prestigious than did other societies in Europe and Asia, due to the importance of trade in the Islamic world and the prosperity it brought. Islamic Prestige.

What were Muslim women allowed to do that Christian and Jewish women were not?

Muslim women were allowed to inherit property and retain ownership after marriage, giving them greater economic independence and legal rights compared to Christian and Jewish women in other societies. Muslim Female Rights.

What city was the House of Wisdom in?

The House of Wisdom was located in Abbasid Baghdad making it the city of knowledge.

In what year did Muslim forces successfully invade Spain from the south?

In 711, Muslim forces successfully invaded Spain from the south, marking the beginning of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula and a period of cultural exchange and conflict. Islamic invasion of Spain.

What promoted trade, allowing Chinese and Southeast Asian products to enter?

Umayyad rulers in Córdoba promoted trade, allowing Chinese and Southeast Asian products to enter, contributing to economic prosperity and cultural exchange in the region. Trade Booster

Which part of India was more stable than the other from 850-1267?

Southern India was more stable than the other parts from 850-1267, which allowed for economic and cultural development without significant disruption from warfare or political upheaval. Stable Region.

What empire brought Islam to India and reigned for 300 years?

The Delhi Sultanate brought Islam to India and reigned for 300 years, establishing Islamic rule and culture in the region and influencing its subsequent history. Islamic Empire in India.

What movement concentrated on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity?

The Bhakti Movement was a movement that concentrated on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity. Hint: Love for God.

Name the Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra.

The Srivijaya Empire was a Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra. One of the Kingdoms on Sumatra

Name the Buddhist kingdom based on Java had 98 tributaries at its height.

The Majapahit Kingdom was a Buddhist kingdom based on Java and had 98 tributaries at its height. One of the Kingdoms on Java.

What empire was situated near the Mekong River and was not dependent on maritime prowess for its power. The kingdom’s complex irrigation and drainage systems led to economic prosperity?

The Khmer Empire was situated near the Mekong River and was not dependent on maritime prowess for its power. The kingdom’s complex irrigation and drainage systems led to economic prosperity. Mekong River Economy.

Which culture was the first large-scale civilization in North America?

The Mississippian Culture was the first large-scale civilization in North America which was located in the United States. American Civilzations.

What was the main source of Mayan government, each ruled by a king?

The city-state, each ruled by a king, was the main source of Mayan government. Mayan Government

What was the Aztec government?

The Aztec government was a theocracy, with the emperor holding both political and religious authority, and priests playing a significant role in governance. Aztec Power structure.

What does “Inca” mean?

“Inca” means people of the sun, reflecting the Inca's belief in their divine origin and the central role of the sun god in their religion and society. Meaning of Inca

What system was the Incan Empire subject to?

The Incan Empire was subject to the mit’a system, a mandatory public service system in which people provide labor to the state for various projects, contributing to infrastructure development and the maintenance of the empire. Incan Labor Structure

The development of Sub-Saharan Africa was heavily formed by the migrations of what people?

The development of Sub-Saharan Africa was heavily formed by the migrations of the Bantu-speaking people, who spread their language, culture, and agricultural techniques across much of the region. Migration Influence

What religion added to the religious diversity of Africa?

Islam added to the religious diversity of Africa through trade routes and cultural exchange, leading to the conversion of many Africans and influencing the continent's religious landscape which made it a diverse religion.

What religion had spread into Egypt and beyond?

Christianity had spread into Egypt and beyond, becoming a major religion in North and East Africa and shaping the region's cultural and religious identity. Region of the East.

What did Zimbabwe build its prosperity on?

Zimbabwe built its prosperity on agriculture, grazing, trade, and gold, making it a major economic and political power in southern Africa. Source of Prosperity.

What were the conduits of history for a community?

Griots, or storytellers, were the conduits of history for a community, preserving oral traditions, genealogies, and cultural knowledge. Holders of Knowledge.

What provided some security for peasants, equipment for warriors, and land to those who worked for a lord.

Feudalism provided some security for peasants, equipment for warriors, and land to those who worked for a lord, shaping social and political relationships. Feudal strictures.

Who was the first to develop a real bureaucracy?

King Philip II of France was the first to develop a real bureaucracy, centralizing power and improving administrative efficiency. The Bureaucrat

What was a body that advised the king which included representatives from each of the three legal classes, or estates, in France?

The Estates-General was a body that advised the king which included representatives from each of the three legal classes, or estates, in France, providing a forum for different segments of society to voice their concerns and influence policy. Advisor to the throne.

What war stimulated a sense of unity among soldiers who often spoke distinct languages or dialects?

The Hundred Years' War between England and France stimulated a sense of unity among soldiers who often spoke distinct languages or dialects, creating a shared national identity and strengthening the power of the monarchy. Unitary Effect of War.

What was the split between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox churches called?

The Great Schism describes the split between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox churches, dividing Christendom and leading to lasting religious and cultural differences between Western and Eastern Europe. Catholic Division.

Who owed allegiance to the pope, the supreme bishop?

Bishops, the regional religious leaders owed allegiance to the pope, the supreme bishop, reinforcing the authority of the papacy and the hierarchical structure of the Catholic Church. Alligence to the Bishop.

What were the series of European military campaigns in the Middle East (1095 - l200s.) called?

The Crusades were a series of European military campaigns in the Middle East (1095 - l200s) driven by religious fervor, the desire for territorial expansion, and the hope of economic gain. War times.

What was the middle class known as that included shopkeepers, craftspeople, merchants, and small landholders.

The bourgeoisie was the middle class known as that included shopkeepers, craftspeople, merchants, and small landholders. Rise of the Bourgeoisie.

What was a period characterized by a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, culture, art, and civic virtue?

The Renaissance was a period characterized by a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, culture, art, and civic virtue, leading to a flourishing of creativity and innovation in Europe. Hint: The classics.

What dynasty in China continued progressing from 1200-1450?

The Song Dynasty in China continued progressing from 1200-1450 being the Chinese Prosperity.

What caliphate in the Middle East was fragmented by invaders from 1200-1450?

The Abbasid Caliphate in the Middle East became fragmented by invaders from 1200-1450 middle east fracture.

Did Japan become more or less decentralized and feudal from 1200-1450?

From 1200-1450 Japan become more decentralized and feudal making it the decentralization era.

What empire rose on land once controlled by another empire?

The Mamluk Empire rose on land once controlled by another empire rising powers.

What dynasty was based on the Han Dynasty?

The Song Dynasty was based on the Han Dynasty, inheriting its administrative structures and cultural traditions modeled after the Han.

Powered by increased trade, cross-cultural exchanges of what increased?

Powered by increased trade, cross-cultural exchanges of technology and innovation increased, leading to the rapid spread of knowledge and new inventions trading effect.

Cultures varied in the degree of what?

Cultures varied in the degree of patriarchy, with some societies granting women greater rights and opportunities than others. Culture effect.

What helped pave the way to expanding networks of exchange?

The Crusades helped pave the way to expanding networks of exchange, by increasing contact between Europe and the Middle East expanding networks.

What unified parts of the Silk Roads in a system under the control of an authority that respected merchants and enforced laws?

The Mongol Empire unified parts of the Silk Roads in a system under the control of an authority that respected merchants and enforced laws, facilitating trade and cultural exchange across Eurasia. Silk Road Enforcer

To manage the increasing trade, China developed what?

To manage the increasing trade, China developed new financial systems and introduced paper money and credit to facilitate larger and more complex transactions Trade Manager.

Increased demand also led to the expansion of what manufactured in China, motivating its proto-industrialization?

Increased demand also led to the expansion of iron and steel manufactured in China, motivating its proto-industrialization, as the country sought to increase its production capacity using proto industries.

What policy did Genghis Khan institute throughout the empire?

Genghis Khan instituted a policy of religious tolerance throughout the empire, allowing people of different faiths to practice their beliefs without persecution peace policy.

What did resistance to the Mongols create the foundation for?

Resistance to the Mongols created the foundation for the future modern Russian state builder.

What was transferred to Western Europe?

Greco-Islamic medical knowledge and the Arabic numbering system was transferred to Western Europe, as Europeans Learned.

What connected more cities than ever before?

The expansion of Islam, connected more cities than ever before as connections of Islam.

Did trade of enslaved people play a role in exchange?

Trade of enslaved people played a role in exchange, it became the role of slaves.

What fostered the growth of states to help institutionalize the revenue from trade?

Trading networks in the Indian Ocean fostered the growth of states to help institutionalize the revenue from trade. Trade Foster

Thriving city-states of eastern Africa are sometimes known as what?

Thriving city-states of eastern Africa are sometimes known as swahili-city states with a thriving city.

What commodity was most precious in the trans-Saharan trade?

Gold was most precious commodity in the trans-Saharan trade Sahara Treasure

Merchants also brought what, which spread into Sub-Saharan Africa as a result?

Merchants also brought Islam, which spread into Sub-Saharan Africa as a result of a impactful transfer.

Which major city developed into centers of Muslim life in the region?

Timbuktu developed as centers of Muslim life in the region. Main religion.

Which empire preserved classical Greek learning?

The Byzantine Empire preserved classical Greek learning and advanced the knowledge of greece.

Buddhism came to China from its birthplace in what country?

Buddhism came to China from its birthplace in India, making it from the birth of the country.

What empire on Sumatra was a Hindu kingdom?

The sea-based Srivijaya Empire on Sumatra Sumatra influence was the hindu religion.

What empire on Java was Buddhist?

The later Majapahit Kingdom on Java was Buddhist making it a javan influence.

What did Islamic scholars translate Greek literary classics into?

Islamic scholars translated Greek literary classics into Arabic. Isalamic Language.

Increases in what put pressure on resources?

Increases in population put pressure on resources, increasing resource drain.

Increases in population lead to what environmental problem?

Increases in population lead to environmental degradation a major populated problem.

increases in population lead to what environmental problem?

Increases in population lead to environmental degradation a major populated problem increase.

The Mongol conquests helped to transmit what?

The Mongol conquests helped to transmit fleas that carried the Bubonic Plague (AKA the Black Death) with dire consequences of mongols.

The trans-Saharan trade routes were from North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin across the desert to where?

The trans-Saharan trade routes were from North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin across the desert to West and East Africa in africa routes.

The trade routes all gave rise to what that the networks held together?

The trade routes all gave rise to trading cities, the “knots” which gives way to the city.

What were the large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories?

The large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories were known as gunpowder states

Which European nation's printing press was invented followed by an increase in literacy causing waves of plagues and war to end?

Germany's Gutenberg printing press was invented followed by an increase in literacy causing waves of plagues and war to end with the influence from EU.

Why was Russia strongly linked to Europe?

Russia was strongly linked to Europe because its capital was located in Europe. Russia was also a product of Europe as a result of Viking invasions and trading meaning russia following eu.

The Yuan Dynasty of China was founded by who?

The Yuan Dynasty of China was founded by Mongol invader Kublai Khan dynasty ruler.

The warrior leaders of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires shared the common characteristics of?

The warrior leaders of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires shared the common characteristics of descendants from Turkic nomads who once lived in Central Asia, who spoke a Turkic Language, who took advantage of power vacuums left by the breakup of Mongol khanates and relied on gunpowder weapons that made the leaders Warrior.

England's King James believed that the right to rule was given to a king by God, a belief called?

England's King James believed that the right to rule was given to a king by God, a belief called the dive believe from god.

Which development happened in France becoming more absolute in their government?

France's government became more absolute in the 17th and 18th centuries being directed by one source of power, the king, with complete authority creating the eu power increase.

The noble landowning class who stood at the top of the Russian Empire Society?

The noble landowning class who stood at the top of the Russian Empire Society were known as royal class.

How did Peter the Great show his admiration of Western Europe and its rulers?

Peter the Great showed his admiration of western Europe and its rulers, workers built the famous Winter Palace designed in a European rather than Byzantine style showing peters admiration of the culture.

Askia the Great of Songhai united his empire by doing what?

Askia the Great of Songhai united his empire by making Islam Songhai’s official religion in an attempt to unite his empire with great leader.

A German monk named who concluded that several traditional Church practices violated biblical teachings?

A German monk named Martin Luther concluded that several traditional Church practices violated biblical teachings religous leader.

What was the selling of church offices?

Simony the selling of church selling practices which is the practice of religion.

What theological stance did Luther advocate for, faith alone, for the basis of salvation for the Christian believer?

Sola Fide theological stance that Luther advocated for, faith alone, for the basis of salvation for the Christian believer salvation belief.

What was the name given to Calvin’s followers in France?

Huguenots was the name given to Calvin’s followers in France which was the influence from calvin.

Why did King Henry VIII set himself up as head of the new Church of England, or Anglican Church?

King Henry VIII set himself up as head of the new Church of England after being denied his marriage annulment which became the marriage denial.

The religious order founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola was called what?

The Jesuits, or Society of Jesus, was the religious order founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola as religion influence to spread.

What did the Peace of Augsburg allow?

The Peace of Augsburg allowed each German state to choose whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran stating what it alows.

What did the edict of Nantes, issued by Henry of France, allow?

The edict of Nantes, issued by Henry of France, allowed the Huguenots to practice their faith which became what it allows.

What did the Peace of Westphalia allow each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select?

The Peace of Westphalia allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select one of three religious options: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism which is what it allows.

What is empiricism?

Empiricism is an early scientific method which insisted upon the collection of data to back up a hypothesis which is what empiricism states.

The Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire often fought over what?

The Ottoman and Safavid Empire often fought over territorial claims to each has at its border, or known as the empire claims.

Taxation policies in what empires encouraged adherence to certain religions?

Taxation policies in Safavid Empire were used to encourage adherence to Shi'a and policies of the Mughal Empire placed taxes on unbelievers to force people to follow certain religions or empires.

Connecting people across the Atlantic Ocean led to European traders becoming what?

Connecting people across the Atlantic Ocean led to European traders becoming go-betweens linking Afro-Eurasia and the Americas, which is the new role for traders.

Newton’s discovery of what increased knowledge of the tides?

Newton’s discovery of gravitation increased knowledge of the tides newtons and tides.

A map of the stars and galaxies is called what?

A map of the stars and galaxies is called an astronomical chart known as star map.

Opening a sea route from Europe to India and China was the purpose of which explorer from Portugal?

Opening a sea route from Europe to India and China was the purpose of Vasco Da Gama while being a explorer role.