CSD 315 Chapter 1

phonetics

study of production and perception of speech SOUNDS

IPA

system for transcribing speech sounds in which each symbol represents a unique sound, NOT a spelling

• American English: 26 letters → 43 phonemes

historical phonetics

study of sound changes in words; constant mutation in pronunciation over time

physiological phonetics

study of function of speech anatomy; knowledge of muscles and innervation

acoustic phonology

differences in frequency, intensity, and duration of various consonants, and vowels; helps to perceive differences in sounds, syllables, and words

perceptual phonetics

study of psychoacoustic response of speech sounds in terms of loudness, pitch, perceived length, and quality

experimental phonetics

lab study of physiological, acoustics, and perceptual phonetics

• measures attributes of speech mechanisms during speech production

• measures acoustics characteristics of speech

clinical phonetics

study and transcription of aberrant speech behaviors

aberrant speech behaviors

behaviors that vary from typical speech

phonology

systematic organization of speech sounds in language production; LINGUISTIC rules

individual speaking style

determined by one’s physical characteristics, conversation purpose, and emotional state

dialect

variation of speech/language based on geographical area, native language background, and/or social/racial-ethnic group

• involves pronunciation, syntax, and vocabulary usage

unicode consortium

universal character set to represent all the world’s languages

• made up of over 137,000 characters

code point

hexadecimal sequence of numbers (0-9) and/or letters (a-f) that uniquely identify each of the characters in a set

phonological systems of language include…

• inventory of sounds and their features

• rules which specify how sounds interact with each other