Understanding Osteoporosis and Bone Health

Osteoporosis

Skeletal disorder with compromised bone strength.

Bone Mineral Density

Measurement of bone strength and health.

Peak Bone Mass

Maximum bone density achieved in life.

Involutional Osteoporosis Type I

Aging-related osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Involutional Osteoporosis Type II

Affects individuals over age 70, both genders.

Secondary Osteoporosis

Bone loss due to medical conditions or medications.

Pre-osteoporosis

Condition affecting 44 million Americans, 68% female.

Osteopenia

Lower than normal bone density, risk for osteoporosis.

Fracture Risk

Likelihood of breaking a bone due to osteoporosis.

DXA Scan

Gold standard for measuring bone density.

T-score

Comparison of bone density to young adult women.

Z-score

Comparison of bone density to age-matched peers.

Bone Markers

Indicators of bone turnover in the body.

BMD Testing Recommendations

Testing advised for women over 65 and younger at risk.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Includes low bone mass, female gender, and age.

Calcium Intake

Recommended 1200-1500 mg for bone health.

Vitamin D Intake

Recommended 400-800 IU for calcium absorption.

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Medications like Raloxifene for osteoporosis treatment.

Bisphosphonates

Anti-resorptive agents for osteoporosis management.

Calcitonin

Nasal medication for osteoporosis treatment.

PTH (Teriparatide)

Hormonal treatment for severe osteoporosis.

Weight Bearing Exercise

Physical activity that strengthens bones.

Bone Health Strategies

Deposit in bone bank early, minimize withdrawals later.

Spinal Osteoporosis Symptoms

Includes back pain, loss of height, spinal deformity.

Hip Fracture Statistics

50% unable to walk unassisted post-fracture.

Fracture Locations

Common sites include hip, wrist, and vertebrae.

Impact of Osteoporosis

Annual cost of $18 billion due to fractures.

Nutrition for Bone Health

Calcium, Vitamin D, protein, and calories are essential.

Environmental Hazards

Risk factors include poor lighting and slippery surfaces.

Cognitive Impairment

Affects fall risk and fracture likelihood.

Height Loss

Indicator of spinal osteoporosis.

Acute Back Pain

Common symptom of spinal osteoporosis.

Fracture History

Prior fractures increase risk for future fractures.

Smoking

Known risk factor for decreased bone density.

Family History

Genetic predisposition increases osteoporosis risk.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation linked to bone loss.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder contributing to low bone mass.

Hormonal Changes

Impact bone density, especially during menopause.

Physical Activity

Essential for maintaining bone density and strength.

Age and Bone Loss

Increased risk of osteoporosis with advancing age.

Chronic Conditions

Certain diseases can lead to secondary osteoporosis.

Fracture with a Fall

Indicates increased fracture risk in older adults.

Bone Remodeling

Process of bone formation and resorption.

Angiogenesis

Formation of new blood vessels, important for bone health.

Critical Years for Bone Health

Years around peak height velocity are crucial.

High-Impact Exercise

Effective in increasing bone density in premenopausal women.