Pediatrics (Week 3)

Asthma

a chronic lung condition that causes the airways to become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult to breathe

Two Types:

• Bronchoconstriction

• Bronchospasm

Risk Factors and triggers for Asthma

• second hand smoke

• family history

• low birth weight

• overweight

• boys more until adolescence

• mold

• animal dander

• pollen

• colds

Expected findings for Asthma

• chest tightness

• difficulty breathing

• cough

• low Sao2

• tripod positioning

• adventurous lung sounds

• use of accessory muscles

Bronchodilators

• inhalers

• reverses bronchospasm and bronchoconstriction

Short-acting beta 2 agonists

• Albuterol

• Ipratropium

Albuterol

• rescue

• side effects: jittery, tremors, fast talking, fast HR

• spacer tube

Ipratropium

• rescue

Antinflammatory Meds

• for airway edema

• -one means steriod

• Corticosteroids (fast acting, only when symptoms show)

• prednisone

• prednisolone

• dexamethasone

• Fluticasone

• Montelukast (singulair)

prednisone

• pill

• rescue

prednisolone

• liquid

• rescue

dexamethasone

• rescue

Fluticasone

• control

• administered daily

• inhaled

• corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory)

Montelukast (singulair)

• control med

• prevents inflammation long term

• Leukotriene modifier (block the production or effects of inflammatory chemicals)

Cystic Fibrosis

• a genetic disorder that affects the body's mucus-producing glands

• Sweat chloride test (bad if more or equal to 60)

Cystic Fibrosis in Lungs

• prevent infection by hydrating mucos by using saline

• prevent infection by antibiotics

• chest physiotherapy to move around mucos

3 major symptoms during first year of birth

• meconium illeus wont pass first three days of birth

• failure to thrive (weight below 5th percentile)

• repeated resp. infections

Cystic Fibrosis in GI Tract

• high calorie, protein, fat, pancreatic enzymes

• Vitamins ADEK

Cystic Fibrosis in Reproductive Tract

• harder to get pregnant

• can still get diseases

Tonsillitis/Tonsillectomy

• Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils

• A tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the tonsils. It is usually recommended for people who have frequent or severe episodes of tonsillitis

Sleep apnea

have their tonsils taken out

Complications of Tonsillitis/Tonsillectomy

• hemorrhage (High HR, High BP)

• let provider know

• have to go back to OR

Care for Tonsillitis/Tonsillectomy

• hydration (popsicles, water ice, slurpee)

• no red food

• no straw

• no acidic drinks

• no milk

• no dairy

• dose of meds

Strep Throat

antibiotics (take all)

Pneumonia

Viral = has to run its course

Bacteria = antibiotics

Croup Syndrome

• viral

• upper airway inflammation

• low grade fever, barky cough, and inspiratory stridor

Croup Syndrome Care

• Dexamethasone (steroid)

• cool mist

• racemic epinephrine (emergency)

• fluids

Bacterial Epiglottis

• life-threatening infection of the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe (trachea)

• comes from HIB bacteria

• need emergency trach surgery