Pediatric Nursing and Laboratory Values Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering laboratory test interpretations, acid-base imbalances, pediatric syndromes, and medical terminology based on clinical lecture notes.

Calcium (Lab Values)

Low levels are associated with renal failure, Rickets, Vitamin D deficiency, and hypoparathyroidism; high levels are seen in hyperparathyroidism and Addison disease.

Sodium (Lab Values)

Low levels are seen in Addison Disease, diarrhea, vomiting, and SIADH; high levels occur in Cushing syndrome, sweating, and diabetes insipidus.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Low levels are associated with liver failure, fluid overload, and malnutrition; high levels occur in burns, dehydration, GI bleed, and sepsis.

Creatinine (Lab Values)

Low levels are seen in muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis; high levels occur in UTI, dehydration, and pyelonephritis.

Red Blood Cell Count

Low levels indicate anemia, hemorrhage, hemolysis, or leukemia; high levels indicate dehydration or congenital heart disease.

Hemoglobin

Low levels indicate anemia, hemorrhage, hemolysis, or nutritional deficiency; high levels indicate congenital heart disease, COPD, or dehydration.

Hematocrit

Low levels indicate anemia, hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, hemolytic reactions, or hemorrhage; high levels indicate severe dehydration or congenital heart disease.

White Blood Cell Count

Low levels are caused by drug toxicity, bone marrow suppression, or viral infections; high levels are caused by infection, trauma, stress, or inflammation.

Platelets

Low levels indicate hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, or leukemia; high levels indicate malignant disorders, RA, or iron deficiency anemia.

Lymphocytes (Lab Values)

Low levels occur with steroid use or severe illness; high levels occur with viral infection.

Neutrophils (Lab Values)

Low levels occur with viral infection or chemotherapy; high levels occur with bacterial infection and sepsis.

Basophils (Lab Values)

Low levels occur in acute allergic reactions; high levels occur in allergies, chronic inflammation, or prolonged infection.

Respiratory Acidosis

An acid-base imbalance characterized by Low $pH$, High $CO_2$, and High $HCO_3$.

Respiratory Alkalosis

An acid-base imbalance characterized by High $pH$, Low $CO_2$, and Low $HCO_3$.

Metabolic Acidosis

An acid-base imbalance characterized by Low $pH$, Low $CO_2$, and Low $HCO_3$, often seen in severe dehydration due to anaerobic metabolism.

Metabolic Alkalosis

An acid-base imbalance characterized by High $pH$, High $CO_2$, and High $HCO_3$, often seen in severe vomiting.

Compensated Respiratory acidosis

A condition with normal $pH$, chronic carbon dioxide retention, and renal bicarb conservation, often seen in chronic lung disease.

Mitral stenosis

A heart condition characterized by an opening snap followed by a late low pitched diastolic rumble, most commonly caused by Rheumatic fever.

Fidelity

A moral principle involving truthfulness, commitments, and advocacy.

Beneficence

A moral principle involving acting to benefit others by preventing harm.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener syndrome)

A condition with impaired ciliary function diagnosed via nasal nitric oxide testing, where concentrations are significantly reduced in patients older than 5.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A condition presenting with a triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency, most commonly caused by E. coli.

Prehn sign

Pain relief from scrotal elevation, which can be a sign of epididymitis.

Gianotti Crosti Syndrome

A self-limiting rash associated with Epstein Barr virus, presenting as firm, erythematous papules on the extensor surfaces of arms, legs, and buttocks.

Anencephaly

A neural tube defect resulting in the complete absence of both cerebral hemispheres; it is not compatible with life.

Encephalocele

A herniation of neural tissues presenting as round protuberant fluctuant masses; it is compatible with life but causes multiple complications.

Vitamin E deficiency

A deficiency associated with ataxia, hyporeflexia, loss of vibratory sensation, and hemolytic anemia.

Waardenburg syndrome

A genetic syndrome characterized by a patch of white skin or hair at the midline forehead, iris variation, and lateral displacement of the medial canthi.

Carotenemia

Yellowing of the skin that spares the sclera, often caused by excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Williams Syndrome

A condition showing supravalvular aortic stenosis, stellate iris patterns, hoarse voice, and full lips, often evaluated using FISH evaluation.

Tetralogy of fallot

A congenital heart defect characterized by a systolic ejection murmur at the left sternal border, a boot shaped heart, and anterior deviation of the infundibular septum.

Negative predictive value (NPV) Equation

$NPV = \frac{d}{c+d}$, where d is true negatives and c is false negatives.

Angelman syndrome

A maternal microdeletion syndrome presenting with fair skin, prominent mandible, wide spaced teeth, and ataxic gait.

Niemann pick type A

A condition caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency presenting with feeding difficulty, FTT, psychomotor retardation, and a cherry red spot.

Adrenoleukodystrophy

An x-linked disorder characterized by an impaired ability to oxidize very long chain fatty acids.

Dactylitis

Pain and swelling in the hands and feet, which is the first manifestation of pain in children with sickle cell disease.

Ladd procedure

A surgical procedure used to treat intestinal malrotation with volvulus.

Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP)

Also known as IgA vasculitis, presenting with palpable purpura on buttocks, bloody stools, and kidney disease with normal platelet counts.