U.S. Foreign Policy, 1900-1920/The Progressive Era

What was Theodore Roosevelt's approach to U.S. foreign policy?

He modernized the army, established the Army War College, doubled the navy's strength, and aimed to make the U.S. a world power.

What significant construction project did Roosevelt oversee?

The Panama Canal, which opened on August 15, 1914.

How did the U.S. acquire control over the Panama Canal?

The U.S. supported a Panamanian revolt against Colombia and negotiated a treaty to pay Panama for canal rights.

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

It stated that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American domestic affairs to ensure stability.

What was the purpose of Dollar Diplomacy under William Howard Taft?

To help American companies invest in less developed countries and ensure the stability of these investments through intervention.

Which agreement recognized Japan's dominance over Korea?

The Taft-Katsura Agreement.

What was the Root-Takahira Agreement?

It guaranteed equal opportunity in commerce and industry in China.

What was the significance of the Great White Fleet's tour?

It was a 14-month world tour that demonstrated the U.S. naval power and showcased its global reach.

What was Woodrow Wilson's stance on U.S. intervention in Latin America?

He intervened more than his predecessors, focusing on human rights and national integrity. He defended the monroe doctrine.

What was the outcome of the U.S. involvement in the Mexican Revolution?

The U.S. intervened militarily, leading to tensions with Mexico, especially after the seizure of Veracruz.

What was the '10 cent diplomacy' under Wilson?

It involved using military intervention to protect American interests in Latin America.

What was the Drago Doctrine?

It forbade foreign intervention to collect debts in Latin America.

How did the U.S. respond to the Dominican Republic's financial issues?

The U.S. took control of the Dominican Republic's revenues to pay off its debts.

What was the impact of the Monroe Doctrine during this period?

It was violated by U.S. interventions in countries like Venezuela and the Dominican Republic.

What was the significance of the Panama Canal for U.S. foreign policy?

It allowed the U.S. to protect its interests and exert influence in Latin America.

What was the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War mediation by Roosevelt?

Roosevelt mediated the conflict, leading to a peace treaty that ended the war.

What was the U.S. military involvement in Haiti during Wilson's presidency?

The U.S. sent troops to establish a military government after refusing a treaty.

What was the significance of the 9 American sailors' arrest in Tampico, Mexico?

It escalated tensions between the U.S. and Mexico, leading to the seizure of Veracruz.

What was the primary justification for U.S. interventions in Latin America?

To maintain stability and protect American economic interests.

What was the outcome of the U.S. intervention in Nicaragua?

American troops were deployed to maintain political stability after a revolution.

What was the Plan of San Diego?

A call for Mexicans to rise up against the government and create a separate republic using five states bordering Mexico, which included the execution of all Mexican Americans above 16 years old.

What was the impact of the Mexican American Revolution on refugees?

A million refugees poured into America during the Mexican American Revolution.

What were the main focuses of Progressivism between 1890 and 1920?

Reformers focused on issues stemming from industrialization and urbanization, including inner-city poverty, tainted food, unsanitary apartments, low pay, dangerous working conditions, and political corruption.

Who was Jane Addams and what was Hull House?

Jane Addams was a reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago, which aimed to uplift the poor and combat poverty by providing various services like job training and medical dispensary.

What was the significance of the Women's Suffrage Movement during the Progressive Era?

It was one of the most significant progressive movements, advocating for women's rights to vote and addressing issues like equal pay and divorce rights.

What were the arguments for women's suffrage?

Advocates argued that in a free and democratic society, women should have equal rights as men, and that women were more moral and would use their votes to stop corruption and wars.

What did the 17th Amendment accomplish?

Ratified in 1913, it allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people.

What is scientific management and who pioneered it?

Pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor, scientific management aimed to boost industrial production by optimizing tasks and proposing pay raises for efficient workers.

What was the commission system in city management?

A system established to oversee different city departments by a board of commissioners, adopted by 60 cities by 1911.

What was the role of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?

Founded in 1874, the WCTU opposed alcohol consumption, advocating for temperance and later prohibition, while also supporting women's suffrage and child labor laws.

What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire and its significance?

A tragic event in 1911 where 146 women died due to unsafe working conditions, leading to reforms in labor laws and workplace safety.

What was the impact of child labor during the Progressive Era?

In 1911, 1.75 million children were working outside the home, prompting progressives to advocate for limits on age and working hours.

What did the 16th Amendment establish?

Ratified in 1913, it allowed for a progressive income tax where the wealthy paid more.

What were the direct primary elections?

A progressive reform that allowed voters to directly select party nominees, moving away from closed-door selections.

What were the initiatives, referendums, and recalls?

Progressive reforms that allowed voters to propose new laws (initiative), accept or reject laws at the ballot box (referendum), and remove elected officials before their term ended (recall).

Who was Fighting Bob La Follette?

A famous progressive governor known for improving education, introducing workers' compensation, and advocating for public utility controls.

What was the relationship between progressives and evangelical Protestants?

Many progressives were evangelical Protestants who pushed for social reforms, including temperance and women's rights.

What was the effect of the Progressive Era on the federal government?

The power of the federal government grew, with presidents asserting a more prominent leadership role.

What was the significance of the suffrage organizations merging in 1890?

The merger formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), unifying efforts to secure women's voting rights.

What was the role of the Anti-Saloon League?

An organization that fought against liquor establishments, contributing to the passage of the 18th Amendment, which prohibited alcohol.

What were some of the social services provided by Hull House?

Hull House provided services such as a child nursery, coffee house, job training, medical dispensary, public baths, and music lessons.

What was the impact of the Progressive Era on working conditions?

Progressives focused on improving working conditions, leading to reforms in labor laws and safety regulations.

Who founded the National Women's Suffrage Association?

Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They denounced the 14th and 15th amendments for not including women and pushed for higher pay for working women. They also advocated for women being able to take a divorce.

Who founded the American Women Suffrage Association?

Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe. It was based in Boston and focused on gaining the right to vote for women. Western states attracted more women and Populism was strong there. By 1912, women could vote in 9 western states.