AP Modern World Unit 1 Key Terms

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Song Dynasty

Chinese imperial dynasty from 960 to 1279 / ruled by Taizu

Tang

dynasty before Song

Taizu

ruler of Song Dynasty

Confucianism

ethical doctrine and rules of conduct for harmonious living created by Confucius

civil service exam

Song Dynasty exam to select candidates for the civil gov't

Khitan

Monglic people

Jurchen

Manchuria people

Hangzhou

captial of Song

Uighurs

Turks in Uyghur

Mongols

ruthless nomadic people

Kublai Khan

begins Yuan/Mongol Dynasty

Buddhism

belief created by Buddha/goal is enlightenment

Neo-Confucianism

mix of Buddhism and Confucianism

Dong Po

scholar-offical in Song

Confucius

creater of Confucianism

Lao Tzu

creator of Taoism

Buddha

creator of Buddhism

champa

fast-ripening rice

artificial irrigation

technology in Song Dynasty

patriarchal

gov't controlled by men

foot binding

tight shoes to create golden lotus feet

Wu Zhao

Chinese women that claimed the throne

flying cash

money notes

kowtow

act serviant

tributary

state that pays tribute to a country

porcelain

pottery in China

Monotheistic

Belief in one God

Abrahamic

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

bedouin

nomad herding people

mecca

Holy city of Islam

prophet muhammad

Founder of Islam

Allah

God of Islam

Quran

The holy book of Islam

hadith

sayings of muhammad

seal of the prophets

Muhammad (the final prophet)

Medina

city of the prophet

umma

community of the faithful (think mom in korean)

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca

jihad

holy struggle

sunni

traditionalist/Abu Bakr is the rightful successor

Shia

family of Muhammad is the right successor (Ali)

damascus

capital of Umayyad

baghdad

capital of Abbasid

jizya

tax on non-muslims

golden age of islam

abbasid dynasty

Harun al-Rashid

great caliph of Abbasid

sakk

checks

madrasas

Islamic schools

Sufi

spirituality over doctrine Islam

Moors

Spanish Muslims

al-andalus

Spain

seljuk

sunni turks

khadija

Muhammad's wife / started a business

geographical location

where a place is located

monsoons

seasonal winds

topography

the shape of the land

Utilization of Persian language (Persia)

literature, history, documentation

Utilization of Arabic language (Persia)

religion, philosophy, theology, and law

South Asia crops

rice, wheat, barley, millet

pepper, ginger, nutmet, vanilla

Southeast Asian crops

emporia

commercial centers

chinese junks

carries many cargo

Hinduism

Indian religion based on escaping the circle of life and death

Bhaktis Movement

emotional sect movement in hinduism

caste system

rigid hierarchy in india

King Harsha

temporarily resotred unity in Gupta Empire

Delhi Sultanate

Islamic gov't in north India

Sind

province near the Indus River in northwestern India

mahmud of ghazni

leader of Turkic-Iranian state

urdu

language in Delhi Sultanate

harihara and bukka

went to southern india and created Vijayanagara Empire for power

Vijayanagara Empire

Hindu empire located in South India created by Harihara and Bukka

Chola Kingdom

South Indian kingdom that wasn't that centralized

Srivijaya Empire

maritime Buddhist empire that took control of Strait of Malacca

Majapahit Kingdom

maritime empire that was Buddhist and Hindu but become Muslim

Sinhala Dynasties

land-based dynasty, creating reservoirs and canals

Khmer/Angkor Empire

land-based hindu-buddhist empire

mexica

Aztecs earlier when they settled in central Mexico island

tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire

chinampa

agricultural system where rich soil floats on lake

tribute

something done or given to show thanks or respect

Patriarchal

Dominated by men

Calpulli

clans in Aztecs

Nahuatl

Aztec language

Tezcatlipoca

giver and taker or life

Quetzalcoatl

god of arts

Ritual Bloodletting

self-cutting to serve god

Hernan Cortes

conquered Aztecs

smallpox

deadly disease that was helpful for Euroepans to conquer other people

Mesoamerica

Mexico and Central America

Pueblo and Navajo

Southwest North American societies / adobe buildings / maize

Iroquois

Mississippian society / maize and beans

Cahokia

Illnois society

Chucuito

Pre-Incan / potatos / llamas / alcohol&coca leaves for high-altitude

Chimu

Pre-Incan known for its irrigation network

quipu

knot language for Incan

Cuzco

Capital of Inca

Quechua

Incan language

Franciso Pizarro

conquered Incans

domesticated animals

raised animals / Oceania did this