ANION II
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Flashcards for reviewing qualitative analysis of ions.
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56 Terms
What reagent is used to separate carbonate ions from the solution?
6M H₂SO₄
What gas is released when CO₃²⁻ is treated with acid?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
What confirms the presence of carbonate in the Ba(OH)₂ solution?
A white precipitate of BaCO₃ forms.
What reagent dissolves BaCO₃ to confirm it’s carbonate?
6M Acetic acid (HAc)
What are the reagents added to evolve CO₂ gas from carbonate ions?
Zn, 3% H₂O₂, and 6M HCl
What is the confirmatory equation for the carbonate ion?
BaCO₃↓ (Barium carbonate)
What physical observation indicates a positive result for carbonate ions?
Effervescence and white ppt. that dissolves in acid
What reagent is added to release H₂S gas from sulfide ions?
6M H₂SO₄
What is the characteristic odor of H₂S gas?
Rotten egg smell
Which metal nitrate is used to form a black precipitate with S²⁻?
0.1 M Pb(NO₃)₂
What base is added to form the plumbite solution when testing for sulfide ions?
6M NaOH
What is the black precipitate formed in the confirmatory test for sulfide ions?
Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)
What is the confirmatory equation for sulfide ion?
PbS↓ (Lead (II)/Plumbous Sulfide)
What observation confirms the presence of sulfide?
Black precipitate formation
Which acid is used to acidify the solution before testing for sulfite ions?
6M HCl
What reagent is added to form the white precipitate with sulfite?
BaCl₂ or Ba(NO₃)₂
What white precipitate forms in the presence of SO₃²⁻?
BaSO₃ or BaSO₄
What gas is released when sulfite reacts with acid?
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)
What is the odor of SO₂ gas?
Pungent/sharp
What is the confirmatory equation for sulfite ion?
BaSO₄↓ (Barium Sulfate)
What color is the precipitate formed with Ba²⁺ when testing for sulfite?
White
Which silver compound is used to test for chloride?
0.1 M AgNO₃
What is the appearance of the AgCl precipitate?
White and curdy
What reagent dissolves AgCl?
6M NH₄OH (Ammonium hydroxide)
What re-forms the AgCl precipitate from solution?
6M HNO₃
What is the chemical formula of the complex ion formed with Ag⁺ and NH₃?
Ag(NH₃)₂⁺
What is the confirmatory equation for chloride ion?
AgCl↓ (Silver chloride)
What confirms chloride after NH₄OH and HNO₃ steps?
Heavy white ppt. reforms with HNO₃
Which oxidizing agent converts Br⁻ to Br₂?
0.1 M KMnO₄
Which solvent extracts Br₂ for visualization?
CCl₄ or CHCl₃
What is the color of the extracted bromine in CCl₄?
Orange-brown
What acid is used before adding KMnO₄ when testing for bromide?
6M HNO₃
What confirms bromide presence visually?
Orange-brown layer in organic solvent
What is the confirmatory equation for bromide ion?
5Br₂ (Bromine)
Why is comparison with pure CCl₄ done during bromide testing?
To verify the color of extracted Br₂
What ion oxidizes iodide to iodine?
Fe³⁺ from Fe(NO₃)₃
What color indicates the presence of iodine in organic layer?
Violet or purple
Which solvents are used for iodine extraction?
CCl₄ or CHCl₃
Which acid is added before Fe(NO₃)₃ when testing for iodide?
6M HNO₃
What is the confirmatory equation for iodide ion?
I₂ (Iodine)
Why is shaking the vial necessary when testing for iodide?
To extract iodine into the organic layer
What confirms iodide presence?
Violet/purple color in the organic layer
Which acid is used to acidify nitrite solution?
6M Acetic acid (HAc)
Which reagent reacts with NO₂⁻ to form a brown ring?
- 1 M FeSO₄
What color appears in a positive test for nitrite?
Brown color or ring
What is the confirmatory equation for nitrite ion?
FeNO₂⁺
What must be removed before nitrate testing?
Nitrite
What happens if iodide is also present during nitrite testing?
Dark color due to I₂; extract with CCl₄ before testing
Where does the brown ring form in the test tube during nitrite testing?
At the interface of layers (if layered)
Which reagent removes interfering nitrite ions before nitrate testing?
KI + H₂SO₄ + boiling
Which metal is used to reduce nitrate in confirmatory test?
Aluminum wire
What gas is evolved that turns litmus paper blue during nitrate testing?
Ammonia (NH₃)
What is the color change observed on red litmus paper when testing for nitrate?
Turns blue
What is the medium of the reaction (acidic or basic) for nitrate testing?
Alkaline (add NaOH)
What is the confirmatory equation for ion when testing for nitrate?
8AlO₂⁻ (Aluminate)
What precaution is taken to avoid litmus paper interference during nitrate testing?
Avoid NaOH spray on litmus; use cotton plug