Instrumental Methods Exam 2

resonance fluorescence

a type of fluorescence in which the emitted radiation had the same wavelength as the radiation used to excite the fluorescence

Natural line widths

the edits of lines when only the uncertainty principle and not doppler or pressure broadening contribute to the broadening and the width is determined by the lifetime of the excited state

releasing agent

a cation that preferentially reacts with a species that would otherwise react with the analyze to cause a chemical interference

protective agents

prevent interference by forming stable and volatile products with the analyte

ionization suppressor

more easily ionized than the analyze and provides a high concentration of electron in the flame or plasma and these electrons suppress the ionization of the analyte

atomization

the process by which a sample is vaporized and decomposed into atoms usually by heat

pressure broadening

the broadening of atomic lines due to collisions with other species

sputtering

the process in which gaseous cations bombard a cathode surface and eject atoms from the surface into the gas phase

self absorption

the absorption of emitted radiation by unexcited atoms in the gas phase of a hollow-cathode lamp, flame, or plasma

spectral interference

encountered when the absorption or emission of an nonanalyte species overlaps a line being used for the determination of the analyte

chemical interference

the result of any chemical process which decreases or increases the absorption or emission of the analyte

radiation buffer

a substance added in excess to both sample and standards which swamps the effect of the sample matrix on the analyte emission or absorption

doppler broadening

arises from atoms moving towards or away from the monochromator giving rise to absorption or emission lines at slightly different frequencies