C2 - Ionic Bonding 1: Ionic Bonding between Group 1 and Group 7

What is the arrangement of electrons in atoms called?

Energy levels or shells.

Why are group 0 (noble gases) unreactive?

They have full outer energy levels, which are stable.

What type of bonding occurs between a metal and a non-metal?

Ionic bonding.

What happens to electrons during ionic bonding?

Electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.

What charge do electrons carry?

Negative.

Why do atoms normally have no overall charge?

Because the number of positive protons equals the number of negative electrons.

What is an ion?

An atom with an overall charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

After ionic bonding, why are both ions stable?

Because they now have full outer energy levels like noble gases.

What type of structure do ions achieve after bonding?

The stable electronic structure of a noble gas.

Why do dot and cross diagrams usually only show outer shells?

Because only outer energy levels are involved in bonding.

General rule: What ions do group 1 metals form?

1+ ions (by losing one electron).

General rule: What ions do group 7 non-metals form?

1- ions (by gaining one electron).

Why are ionic compounds formed between metals and non-metals?

Because metals lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons, forming oppositely charged ions.

What force holds ionic compounds together?

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.