SAQ Exam 2

How does SSRIs decrease Depression

SSRIs enhance serotonin by blocking reabsorption in the presynaptic neuron, so more can go to the postsynaptic neuron

How does Ketamine decrease Depression

Ketamine enhances glutamate, which then increases more connections between neurons

How do changes in cultural reinforcement associated with adolescent development explain why females struggle with Anorexia more than males

social shift around puberty

where before boys and girls are awarded for many things

but after, females are narrowly rewarded for how they look, which encourages dieting.

How does dieting contribute to Anorexia?

Dieting can cause malnutrition of the brain, which can lead to an eating disorder

How does the Key’s Minnesota Starvation Study show the link between dieting and anorexia?

healthy (psychologically and physically) men were intentionally starved, but when they were given food after they displayed symptoms of Anorexia, such as trying to maintain a lower weight, hiding their food, etc., which shows the idea that extreme dieting can cause malnutrition of the brain and lead to an eating disorder.

Conclusion of Shedler and Block’s study

The three groups were Abstainers, Frequent users, and drug experimenters. Abstainers as kids were socially anxious and struggled, and as adults, they were more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety and depression. Frequent users as kids were socially isolated and had poor impulse control, and as adults, they became addicted. Drug Experimenters as kids were well adjusted, had friends, were well-liked, and as adults they similarly had normative life achievement work (had friends, good jobs, college, etc). Group membership didn’t change from when you were younger to when you got older.

What are the OARS? 

Open-ended questions, Affirming strengths, Reflecting empathy, Summarizing understanding.

Open-ended questions

what, how, how come, help me understand (what brings you in here today?)

Affirming Strengths

Positive skills in the client (you have great communication skills)

Reflecting Empathy

motions connected to situation (it sounds like your sad about..., it sounds like you would be happy if...)

Summarizing Understandings

Therapist summarizes understanding of situation so client can confirm/refine