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Fluid body compartments
ICF and ECF
ICF
fluid inside cells 25% of body’s water content
ECF
fluid outside cells. has subcompartments
Interstitial fluid
12 liters; surrounds cells in tissues, provides nutrients and removes waste
Plasma
3 liters; liquid component of blood, nutrients, hormones, and waste
Lymph
fluid through lymphatic vessels, immune function and balance
Trancellular fluid
epilthelial - linng spaces
Osmosis
passive movement of water across permeable membrane from low solute to high solute concentration
volume excess
normal sodium levels
volume excess
Osmolarity of ECF: isotonic
volume excess
no change in cells
volume excess
kidney failure, high aldosterone
hypertonic hydration
low sodium levels
hypertonic hydration
Osmolarity of ECF: hypotonic
hypertonic hydration
cells swell
hypertonic hydration
excessive water intake or high ADH
volume depletion
normal sodium levels
volume depletion
Osmolarity of ECF: isotonic
volume depletion
no change in cells
volume depletion
bleeding, burns, vomitting, diarrhea
dehydration
high sodium levels
dehydration
Osmolarity of ECF: hypertonic
dehydration
cells shrink
dehydration
insufficient fluids, diabetes, sweating
hypothalamus
homeostasis → water balance (thrist center)
when dehydrated
increased osmolarity and decreased bp
increased osmolarity
concentration of solutes, sodium in blood rises
decreased BP
less water → less blood → less pressure
hormones regulating water and sodium balance
natric peptides, aldosterone, adh
Specialized receptors
baroreceptors and osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors
pressure → sensitive cells in major blood vessels in carotid arteries and aorta - changes in BP
Osmoreceptors
hypothalamus → changes in blood osmolarity
Principal cells
regulate sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
intercalated cells
acid-base balance and potassium rebsorption: type a and b
ANP effectd
increase sodium and water excretion. lower blood volume and pressure
