Indirect Statements & Indirect Questions

Indirect Statement

Is introduced by a thinking/perception verb, and is used with a subject accusative and a verb (infinitive) which modifies it

Verb used - expresses knowing, thinking, telling, perceiving

Passive verb + accusative

The noun that is being addressed is in accusative

Passive verb

Esse is used (to be)

Negation Of Indirect Statemtent

Using “nego”

e.g. “negant quidquam esse bonum”

They deny that anything was to be good - They deny that anything was good

Indirect Question

Verb + question word (related to asking) + verb in subjunctive

Tense of subjunctive

The tense changes as per the sequence of tenses (please refer to sequence of tenses)

Example

Scio eum faceret

I know what he is doing.

Example (Imperfect)

Sciebam eum faciebamus

I knew what we were doing

Sequence Of Tenses

Present leads to present; past leads to past.

Indirect Commands

Has verb + ut + subjunctive verb

Purpose Clauses

Have ut/ne, but there is no one being commanded

In indirect commands, there is someone/something being commanded

Words used to start of indirect commands