models of disability

moral model

disability = sin, loss/test of faith

medical model

disability is the loss of physical/occupational capability or deviation from the norm

criticisms: individual problem; promotes disablism; assumes “normal” is ideal

nag’s disablement model(60s)

active pathology - interruption of normal cellular processes and simultaneous homeostatic efforts of the organism to regain a normal state

impairment - abnormality at the tissue, organ, and body system level, consequent of the active pathology

functional limitation - performance restrictions at the level of the individual

disability - expression of a physical or mental limitation in a social context

social model

disability is a socially created problem

sociocultural, physical and political envt within rehab understanding

ableism is a fundamental bias in service providers

criticisms of social model

separates body from disability definition

transforming an envt or public policy won’t change underlying social perceptions of disability

international classification of functioning model; biopsychosocial construct

attempts to unify medical and social perspectives on disability

health conditions - diseases, disorders, injury, trauma, aging, congenital anomaly

ICF domains of function

body functions and structures - physiological functions of anatomy of the body

activities - execution of task by individual

participation - involvement in a life situation

decrements of disability

impairment: deviation/loss in structure function

activity limitation: difficulties an individual may have executing activities

participation restriction: problems experienced in life situations

contextual factors

environmental: phsycial, social, attitudinal envt in which ppl live their lives

personal: background of an individuals life not part of health condition; race, age, fitness level etc.