American History Study Guide: Colonial Resistance through the War of 1812

Flashcards covering American History notes from the Stamp Act Crisis through the War of 1812, including key events, figures, and legal developments.

Who was referred to as the 'Trumpet of Sedition' for introducing the Virginia Resolves during the Stamp Act Crisis of 1765?

Patrick Henry

Which British official introduced funding duties on New York and Massachusetts and enforced the Mutiny Act after William Pitt fell ill?

'Champagne Charlie' Townsend

Which tax was retained by Lord North when he repealed the rest of the Townsend Duties?

The Tea Tax

In what month and year did resentment over jobs lead to the Boston Massacre?

March 1770

What measures were taken by Great Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party in December 1773?

Boston Harbor was closed, and Parliament passed the Coercive/Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Acts.

Which was the only colony that did not send delegates to the First Continental Congress following the Raleigh Tavern meeting?

Georgia

In what month and year did the armed conflicts over gunpowder occur at Lexington and Concord?

April 1775

Who authored the pamphlet 'Common Sense' in January 1776, focusing criticism on the government system that permitted monarchical rule?

Thomas Paine

On what specific dates in 1776 was the Declaration of Independence approved and signed?

Approved on July 2, 1776, and signed on July 4, 1776.

In what year were the Articles of Confederation drafted, and how long did they remain unratified?

Drafted in 1777; remained unratified for $4$ years.

What was the critical international consequence of General Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga?

It convinced France that an American victory in the war was possible, leading France and Spain to provide military support.

What strategic location did Benedict Arnold plan to surrender to the British forces?

West Point

Which commanders joined George Washington to trap Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown in October 1781?

Rochambeau, de Grasse, and Lafayette

What were the main structural features of James Madison's Virginia Plan versus the New Jersey Plan at the Constitutional Convention?

The Virginia Plan proposed $2$ legislative houses with representation based on population, while the New Jersey Plan proposed $1$ house with equal representation and powers to tax and regulate commerce.

How did Benjamin Franklin's Great Compromise resolve the debate over state representation?

It created $2$ legislative houses: $1$ based on population, and the other providing equal representation with $2$ representatives per state.

Who were the four individuals appointed to George Washington's original cabinet and their positions?

Thomas Jefferson (State), Alexander Hamilton (Treasury), Henry Knox (War), and Edmund Randolph (Attorney General).

Who were the three American delegates sent to France during the XYZ Affair to negotiate with agents of Prince Talleyrand?

C. Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry

What concept was introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Nullification

How was the electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr resolved during the Revolution of 1800?

It was broken on the $36\text{th}$ tie-breaker vote in the House of Representatives.

What core judicial principle was established by the Supreme Court case involving William Marbury and James Madison under Chief Justice John Marshall?

Judicial review

How much money did the United States pay to resolve the Barbary Pirates conflict during Jefferson's presidency?

$$60,000$$

Who was sent to France in 1803 to buy New Orleans, resulting in the purchase of the entire Louisiana territory?

Robert Livingston

Which Native American leader was associated with the Battle of Tippecanoe against William Henry Harrison?

The Prophet

What treaty officially concluded the War of 1812?

Treaty of Ghent