AP Lang final 2025 review

Ethos

Trust, credentials, commonality

Pathos

Emotion

Logos

Logic, proof precedent

Antithesis

A juxtaposition of opposites or contrasting idea

Discursive

Jumping from subject to subject

Connotation

The implied meaning of a word

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Understatement

The presentation of something as being smaller or less important than it is

Hyperbole

Exassurated statements not meant to be taken literally

Polysyndeton

Deliberate repetition of conjunction in a series of words, phrases, clauses, slows down

Asyndeton

Conjunctions omitted in a series of words, phrases, or clauses, effect: intensify the impact, speeds up rhythm

Tricolon

3 words or phrases in a word, emphasizes the last one

Diction

Word choice

Tetracolon

4 words in a row, evokes a sense of overwhelming, 3 details

Passive voice

The subject receives the action rather than performing it, ex “an informal poll was taken by the teacher”

Allusion

Indirect reference to a person, place event, etc

Repetition

Emphasizes am emotion or idea

Tone

Attitude toward subject

Imagery

Evoke emotion

Concrete

You can sense, apple, table, coin, hand, fire, teacher

Abstract

You can’t sense it, fear, joy, jealousy, freedom, laziness

Proper

A name

Plural

More than one thing, desks, pens, pencils

Possessive

Ownership, mine ours

Nominative

They, I, You, We, She, He, It, they

Objective

Me, us, you, him, her, it, them

Possessive

Mine, ours, theirs, his , hers, their

Antecedent

The word a pronoun stands for, Brianna, her, she

Reflexive

Herself, himself

Intensive

Formed by adding-self or selves to a personal pronoun

Interrogative

Used to ask a question

Demonstrative

Points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas, ex: Did you hear the new SINGLE? I’m dying to hear THAT, read the INSTRUCTIONS. Even THOSE in fine print

Relative

Introduces a subordinate clause, ex: Someone, ACHILLES was the warrior WHO helped sack Troy

Indefinite

Does not refer to a specific person or thing, ex: Another, anyone, anybody, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, etc

Personal

I, you, he, she, it

What is Daniel dreaming of in the days leading up to the powwow

Dreams of people running in the streets and gunfire all around

What is in the safe?

Gift cards

Who is in the regalia

Tony

What does Orvil want to believe?

He knows how to dance a prayer and pray for a new world

What POV is this chapter written in (Thomas Frank)

Third

Who did Jacquie just see go by the grand entry?

Orvil

Who all gets in the back of Opals ford bronco?

Jacquie, Orvil, Harvey, opal, loother, lony

When blue sees Jacquie, what does she contemplate on doing?

If she should allow Jacquie and the boy to go into Edwin’s place at the hospital

How/why does the drone land on Carlos head?

Daniel intentionally crashes it onto Carlos head in attempt to stop the violence

What were Tony’s masks?

Him and he drome

What is the point of reference to Optimus prime and transformers?

To provide a moral anchor for his actions, the idea of sacrafice for the greater good

What does tony remember about his grandma teaching him how to dance?

How to be light on his feet

What does the “huge Indian guy” say about dancing?

That you have to dance with feeling

Describe how Orvil is feeling before the performance

Like a fraud

Why does tony stop listening to the older white woman on the train?

Because she wants a story she can bring home

Explain Edwin and blues non-date

They walked around a lake

What is “the only thing a camera can keep its eye wide for”?

This unflinching stare into the void of addiction and depravity

Where is Opal? Why?

Sitting alone in the plaza infield so she cannot be seen by her grandsons

Why is the powwow important for them?

Because it is a new life

Why is Calvin involved in “this shit plan”

Because Charles got him involved in the plan

How do the bullets get into the coliseum?

By the socks that were thrown into the bush

Why is blue ghost white?

Because she thinks Jacquie is her mom and saw her