CHAPTER 4

The methanobacteria, halobacteria, and sulfobacteria are included in which domain?

Archaea

When the size of a cell increases, the surface area/volume ratio

decreases

Which of the following is true of plant cells?

Plant cells may contain chloroplasts.

Which of the following organelles is generally found in animal cells?

• endoplasmic reticulum

• food vacuole

• mitochondrion

• centriole

Membrane proteins may function in

receiving extracellular signals

Which of the following is most likely to be part of a cell membrane?

• phospholipids

• transport proteins

• enzymes

• glycoproteins

The cytosol is best described as the

semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of

lipids

Which of the following processes would be most likely to occur in the Golgi complex?

glycosylation of proteins

Which sequence reflects the locations that a secretory protein will visit on its way from its production to its secretion outside the cell?

rough ER, ER vesicle, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysosomes?

The lysosome may mature from a late endosome

Which of the following organelles has only a single membrane around it?

peroxisome

Prokaryotes have ________ ribosomes with ________ and ________ subunits, whereas eukaryotes have ________ ribosomes with ________ and ________ subunits.

70S, 50S, 30S; 80S, 60S, 40S

The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Lignin is an important component in

plant cell walls

Communication between animal cells is facilitated by

Gap Junctions

The main role of the central vacuole in plant cells is to

maintain turgor pressure in plant tissue.

The extracellular matrix outside the plasma membrane of animal cells is typically composed of

collagen and proteoglycans.

Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient bacteria. Which characteristics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time?

motility

The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the accumulation of

very long chain fatty acid

Prions are

infectious misfolded proteins that cause normal protein molecules to misfold.

Viroids differ from viruses in that they

lack capsid proteins

Which of the following fundamental properties of life do viruses not possess?

metabolism and irritability

Viruses are composed of

nucleic acid, protein, and sometimes lipid