anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders

anxiety disorders

excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances

panic disorder

category: anxiety disorder
symptoms: recurrent panic attacks

ataque de nervios

category: anxiety disorder
symptoms: a form of panic disorder that is culturally linked and experienced mainly by people of Caribbean or Iberian descent

treatment for anxiety disorders

treatment: anxiolytics and benzodiazepines - anti anxiety medications, counterconditioning, systematic desensitization, extinction, procedures, flooding, implosion, behavioral contracting, modeling, applied behavioral analysis, biofeedback, and hypnosis

causes for anxiety disorders

behavioral cases such as learned associations, cognitive causes, maladaptive thinking, and biological factors

agoraphobia

category: anxiety disorder
symptoms: marked anxiety about using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed places, being in a crowd, and/or being outside of the home alone

phobia

category: anxiety disorder
symptoms: fearful, anxious or avoidant of particular objects or situations

social anxiety

category: anxiety disorder
symptoms: fearful, anxious or avoidant of social interactions and situations that involve the possibility of being scrutinized

taijin kyofusho

culture bound anxiety disorder experienced mainly by Japanese people. people are afraid that others are judging their bodies as displeasing

generalized anxiety disorder

symptoms: excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities that occurs more days than not for at least six months

bipolar and related

experiencing times of depression and manic episodes. Movement between 2 poles - depressive states and manic states

bipolar and related causes

combination of biological genetic, sociocultural and cognitive issues

bipolar and related symptoms

depressive moods that last at least two weeks and manic moods that last at least one week

mania - very elevated state of being where a person may speak very quickly, go for days without sleep, experience very elevated moods, have delusions of grandeur and a feeling of being invincible and may engage in risky behaviors such as spending sprees or reckless driving.

biopolar I

a cycle between full mania and full depression

bipolar II

manic phases are milder

bipolar and related treatments

mood stabilizing medications - lithium carbonate

depressive disorders

depressed moods resulting in disruption in functioning of the affected individual

major depressive disorders, causes

biological genetic, sociocultural or cognitive factors

major depressive disorders symptoms

depressed mood most of the day and/or diminished interest in almost all activities. significantly impairs one’s ability to function. includes nine categories: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities (anhedonia), weight gain or loss, insomnia or hypersomnia, suicidal ideation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, psychomotor changes, decreased concentration

depressive disorders treatment

antidepressants - MAO inhibitors, SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and tricyclics, electroconvulsive (shock) therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation

PDD - persistent depressive disorder causes

biological, genetic, sociocultural, or cognitive factors

PDD - persistent depressive disorder symptoms

chronic, long-term depressive symptoms. - duration of episodes and severity of symptoms are different than MDD - at least 2 years