Clinical Nutrition Ch. 1 Quiz 1

Vocabulary flashcards covering the primary sources of nutrition, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals as outlined in Unit | Principles of Nutrition, Ch. 1.

Monosaccharides

A type of simple carbohydrate.

Disaccharides

A type of simple carbohydrate.

Polysaccharides

A type of complex carbohydrate.

Fiber

A type of carbohydrate important for dietary recommendations, fermentation, and metabolization.

Complete Proteins

A type of protein obtained from the diet that contains all essential amino acids.

Incomplete Proteins

A type of protein that does not contain all essential amino acids.

Complementary Proteins

Proteins that, when combined, provide all essential amino acids.

Glycogen

Stored carbohydrate energy source found in liver and muscles

Amino acids

Basic building units of protein

Lipids

A chemical group of fats available from sources like dark meat, poultry skin, and dairy foods that serve as a concentrated form of stored energy.

Functions of Lipids

Includes hormone production, structural material for cell walls, protective padding for vital organs, insulation for body temperature, nerve fiber covering, and aid in fat-soluble vitamis absorption.

Triglycerides

A specific type of fat or lipid.

Saturated Fatty Acids

A specific category of fatty acids within the group of fats.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A type of fat that is generally considered healthier than saturated fats.

Phospholipids

A type of lipid that is a major component of all cell membranes.

Sterols

A subgroup of steroids and a type of fat/lipid.

Very Low Density Lipoproteins

Delivers fat to tissue

Low Density Lipoproteins

A type of lipoprotein often associated with cholesterol transport.

High Density Lipoproteins

A type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol away from the tissues.

Essential Vitamins

There are 13 of these, each having a specialized function and categorized as either water soluble or fat soluble.

Water Soluble Vitamins

A class of vitamins that includes Vitamin C and B Complex Vitamins such as Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, and Folate.

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A class of vitamins that includes Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K.

Major Minerals

Essential minerals including Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorous, and Sulfur.

Trace Minerals

Essential minerals required in smaller amounts, listed as lodine, Iron, M, and Fluoride.

Water

An essential nutrient that requires balance between intake and output, with additional hydration required by athletes.