APHUG unit 4 review

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47 Terms

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State

A geographic area with a permanent population, defined borders, sovereign government, and is recognized by other states.

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Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself.

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Nation

A group of people with a shared culture, language, history, homeland, and self-determination.

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Self-Determination

The right and desire for a nation or group of people to govern themselves.

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Nation-State

A sovereign state with a homogenous population that has a shared language, culture, and history.

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Multinational State

A state that has more than one nation within its borders.

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Multistate Nation

A nation that is spread across multiple sovereign states.

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Stateless Nation

A nation that has history of self-determination but does not have a recognized state.

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Autonomous Regions

A geographic area that’s located in a state and has a high degree of self-government from that state.

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Semi-Autonomous Regions

A geographic area that is controlled by another state, but only has a moderate degree of self governance.

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Decolonization

The process by which a colony becomes independent of a colonizing country.

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Devolution

The transfer of power from a national or central government down to regional governments.

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Territoriality

How people use space to communicate ownership of territory that connects to their culture, economic system, or political interests.

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Neocolonialism

The use of political, cultural, or economic power to influence or to control other countries.

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Shatterbelt

Areas where countries or people are subjected to political, cultural, and economic pressure from external powers that are in conflict with each other.

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Demilitarized Zone

An area between 2 states which can’t be occupied or used for military purposes.

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Chokepoint

A strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region.

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Defined Boundary

A boundary that is agreed upon, fixed, and set.

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Delimited Boundary

The process of drawing a boundary on a map and physically marking it.

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Demarcated Boundary

The process of making a boundary.

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Geometric Boundary

A border that follows lines of latitude and longitude, usually a straight line.

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Antecedent Boundary

A boundary that existed before human settlements and creation of the cultural landscape.

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Relic Boundary

A boundary that is no longer active but still impacts the cultural landscape.

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Superimposed Boundary

A boundary that was created by a foreign state or group.

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Subsequent Boundary

A boundary that developed along with the development of the cultural landscape.

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Consequent Boundary

A boundary that was established to settle conflict between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups.

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Frontier

A geographic area where no state has direct power or control over.

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International Boundaries

Boundaries that separate 1 sovereign state from another and is established through treaties and agreements between neighboring states.

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Internal Boundaries

Boundaries that separate different regions within a single state and are often established by a state’s government.

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Definitional Boundary Dispute

A boundary dispute that takes place over interpretations of the original documents that defined that boundary.

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Locational Boundary Dispute

A boundary dispute over the location of and ownership of the land.

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Operational Boundary Dispute

A boundary dispute on how to manage the boundary and handle different issues or situations that occur in that boundary.

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Allocational Boundary Dispute

A boundary dispute that happens over the use of what is on or in that boundary.

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Voting District

A geographic area organized together for the purpose of administering elections.

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Redistricting

The process of redrawing districts after census has occurred.

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Gerrymandering

The process of redistricting a voting district to favor 1 political party over another.

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Cracking

The process of spreading like-minded voters out across mulitple districts.

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Packing

The process of stacking like-minded voters into a few districts to reduce the impact of their vote into their districts.

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Unitary State

When power is located in a central or national government.

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Federal State

When power is shared between central or national governments and regional government.

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Ethnic Separatism

When a person or group of people starts to identify more as their own ethnic group than as a citizen of a state.

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Ethnic Cleansing

When a government, organization, or group of people attack an ethnic group in a state with the goal of pushing them out.

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irredentism

The movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in another state.

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Disintegrate

When a state breaks up into smaller parts.

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Democratization

The process through which a political regime becomes more democratic.

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Failed State

A state that no longer has a functioning government.

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Ethnic Nationalist Movements

When a cultural group wants to separate or wants control over themselves based on a specific ethnicity or nationality.