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State
A geographic area with a permanent population, defined borders, sovereign government, and is recognized by other states.
Sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern itself.
Nation
A group of people with a shared culture, language, history, homeland, and self-determination.
Self-Determination
The right and desire for a nation or group of people to govern themselves.
Nation-State
A sovereign state with a homogenous population that has a shared language, culture, and history.
Multinational State
A state that has more than one nation within its borders.
Multistate Nation
A nation that is spread across multiple sovereign states.
Stateless Nation
A nation that has history of self-determination but does not have a recognized state.
Autonomous Regions
A geographic area that’s located in a state and has a high degree of self-government from that state.
Semi-Autonomous Regions
A geographic area that is controlled by another state, but only has a moderate degree of self governance.
Decolonization
The process by which a colony becomes independent of a colonizing country.
Devolution
The transfer of power from a national or central government down to regional governments.
Territoriality
How people use space to communicate ownership of territory that connects to their culture, economic system, or political interests.
Neocolonialism
The use of political, cultural, or economic power to influence or to control other countries.
Shatterbelt
Areas where countries or people are subjected to political, cultural, and economic pressure from external powers that are in conflict with each other.
Demilitarized Zone
An area between 2 states which can’t be occupied or used for military purposes.
Chokepoint
A strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region.
Defined Boundary
A boundary that is agreed upon, fixed, and set.
Delimited Boundary
The process of drawing a boundary on a map and physically marking it.
Demarcated Boundary
The process of making a boundary.
Geometric Boundary
A border that follows lines of latitude and longitude, usually a straight line.
Antecedent Boundary
A boundary that existed before human settlements and creation of the cultural landscape.
Relic Boundary
A boundary that is no longer active but still impacts the cultural landscape.
Superimposed Boundary
A boundary that was created by a foreign state or group.
Subsequent Boundary
A boundary that developed along with the development of the cultural landscape.
Consequent Boundary
A boundary that was established to settle conflict between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups.
Frontier
A geographic area where no state has direct power or control over.
International Boundaries
Boundaries that separate 1 sovereign state from another and is established through treaties and agreements between neighboring states.
Internal Boundaries
Boundaries that separate different regions within a single state and are often established by a state’s government.
Definitional Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute that takes place over interpretations of the original documents that defined that boundary.
Locational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute over the location of and ownership of the land.
Operational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute on how to manage the boundary and handle different issues or situations that occur in that boundary.
Allocational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute that happens over the use of what is on or in that boundary.
Voting District
A geographic area organized together for the purpose of administering elections.
Redistricting
The process of redrawing districts after census has occurred.
Gerrymandering
The process of redistricting a voting district to favor 1 political party over another.
Cracking
The process of spreading like-minded voters out across mulitple districts.
Packing
The process of stacking like-minded voters into a few districts to reduce the impact of their vote into their districts.
Unitary State
When power is located in a central or national government.
Federal State
When power is shared between central or national governments and regional government.
Ethnic Separatism
When a person or group of people starts to identify more as their own ethnic group than as a citizen of a state.
Ethnic Cleansing
When a government, organization, or group of people attack an ethnic group in a state with the goal of pushing them out.
irredentism
The movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in another state.
Disintegrate
When a state breaks up into smaller parts.
Democratization
The process through which a political regime becomes more democratic.
Failed State
A state that no longer has a functioning government.
Ethnic Nationalist Movements
When a cultural group wants to separate or wants control over themselves based on a specific ethnicity or nationality.