Pericles, Thucydides, and the Sophists

Pericles

Athenian statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens

Choregos

Sponsor of theatrical productions in ancient Greece

Strategos

Elected military general in ancient Athens

Acropolis

Ancient citadel located in Athens, Greece

Parthenon

Temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis

Phidias

Sculptor of the Parthenon's frieze and statue of Athena

Delian League

Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens against Persia

Delos

Island that served as the treasury of the Delian League

Tribute

Payment made by member states of the Delian League to Athens

Propylaea

Monumental gateway to the Acropolis

Erechtheum

Ancient Greek temple on the Acropolis

Doric

One of the three main Greek architectural orders

Ionic

One of the three main Greek architectural orders

Corinthian

One of the three main Greek architectural orders

Temple of Athena Nike

Small temple on the Acropolis dedicated to the goddess Athena

Greek Architectural Orders

Distinct styles of columns used in ancient Greek architecture

Elgin Marbles

Sculptures from the Parthenon now housed in the British Museum

Amazonomachy

Battle between the Greeks and the Amazons depicted in art

Thucydides

Greek historian and author of 'History of the Peloponnesian War'

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta from 431 to 404 BC

Archidamian War

First phase of the Peloponnesian War, from 431 to 421 BC

Plague

Disease that struck Athens during the Peloponnesian War

Mytilene

City that revolted against Athens during the Peloponnesian War

Brasidas

Spartan general who led expeditions during the Peloponnesian War

Battle of Amphipolis

Battle in 422 BC where Brasidas and Cleon died

Peace of Nicias

Temporary peace treaty between Athens and Sparta

Melos

Island that was destroyed by Athens during the Peloponnesian War

Decelean War

Final phase of the Peloponnesian War, from 413 to 404 BC

Oligarchic Revolution

Overthrow of democracy in Athens in 411 BC

Sparta

Greek city-state known for its military strength

Land power

Military strength based on armies and fortifications

Sea power

Military strength based on naval dominance

Pericles' Funeral Speech

Speech given by Pericles honoring Athenian war dead

Democracy

System of government where power is held by the people

Equality

State of being equal, especially in rights and opportunities

Freedom

The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants

Respect for the law

Adherence to and regard for the rules of a society

Festivity and relaxation

Celebration and leisure activities

Openness

Willingness to consider new ideas and perspectives

Natural courage

Inherent bravery and fearlessness

Love of Philosophy and arts

Appreciation for intellectual pursuits and creative expression

Interest in private business & in politics

Engagement in both economic and political affairs

Words & deeds

Both speech and action

Good done to others

Acts of kindness and generosity towards others

Oligarchy

System of government where power is held by a few

Inequality

State of not being equal, especially in rights and opportunities

Lack of freedom

Absence of the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants

Enforced respect for the law

Obligation to adhere to and regard the rules of a society

Constant military training

Regular and rigorous preparation for warfare

Secrecy / closed society

Lack of transparency and limited access to information

State-induced courage

Bravery instilled by the government or ruling authority

Lack of philosophy & arts

Absence of intellectual pursuits and creative expression

Interest only in private business

Focus solely on economic affairs

Only deeds (out of ignorance)

Actions without consideration for their moral implications

Good received from others

Benefits and favors received from others

Parrhesia

Freedom of speech in ancient Athens

Rhetoric

The art of persuasive speaking or writing

Dialectic method

Method of argumentation through question and answer

Antilogic method

Ability to argue both sides of a case

Relativism

Belief that truth and morality are subjective and context-dependent

Ethical Relativism

Belief that ethical principles are subjective and vary from culture to culture

Religious Agnosticism

Doubt or skepticism regarding the existence of deities

Protagoras

Prominent sophist known for the statement 'Man is the measure of all things'

Physis

Nature or natural order

Nomos

Law or social convention

Physis vs. Nomos Debate

Debate over whether ideas and institutions are based on nature or convention