Human Anatomy exam 1, Taeger

right hypochondriac region

Right lumbar region

Right illiac region

Epigastric region

Umbilical region

Hypogastric region

left hypochondriac region

Left lumbar region

Left illiac region

Study of structure

Anatomy

Study of function

Physiology

structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Microscopic Anatomy

Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Gross Anatomy

The comparison of body structures and how they vary among species

Comparative Anatomy

traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

Developmental Anatomy

study of embryos and their development

Embryology

Breaking down overall anatomy by regions

regional anatomy

study of general form and superficial markings

surface anatomy

body structure is studied system by system

systemic anatomy

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Levels of Structural Organization

11

How many organ systems are there

all the external coverings of the body

intugementary system

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints

skeletal system

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat.

Muscular system

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

nervous system

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

endocrine system

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

cardiovascular system

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.

lymphatic system

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

respiratory system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.

digestive system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

urinary system

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)

reproductive system

Standing upright Feet parallel and on the floor Head level and looking forward Arms at side of body Palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from body

characteristics of anatomical position

head, neck, trunk

Axial region

upper and lower limbs

appendicular region

head

Cephalic

ear

otic

forehead

frontal

back of head

Occipital

mouth

oral

cheek

buccal

chin

mental

nose

nasal

eye

opthalmic

neck

cervical

chest

pectoral

belly button

Umbilical

abdomen

Abdominal

armpit

axillary

midline of back

vertebral

rib

costal

hips

pelvic

buttocks

gluteal

groin

inguinal

lower back

lumbar

upper arm

brachial

forearm

antebrachial

wrist

carpal

back of elbow

cubital

front of elbow

antecubital

palm

palmar

upper leg

Femoral

lower leg

crural

back of knee

politeal

foot

pedal

sole of foot

plantar

skin

cutaneous

front

anterior

back

posterior

toward the head

superior

away from the head

inferior

towards midline

medial

away from midline

lateral

inbetween

intermediate

close to point of insertion

proximal

away from point of insertion

distal

closer to external

superficial

closer to internal

deep

same side

ipsilateral

different side

contralateral

front and back

coronal plane

upper and lower

transverse plane

unequal left and right sections

sagital plane

equal left and right

midsagital plane

At an angle, not fitting other planes

oblique plane

contains the brain

Cranial cavity

contains the spinal cord

Vertebral cavity

Vertebral and cranial cavity

Dorsal cavity

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Ventral body cavity

contain the lungs

Pleural cavities

midportion of the thoracic cavity containing the heart and trachea

Mediastinum cavity

contains the heart

pericardial cavity

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

Abdominal cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Pelvic cavity

lines internal surface of the body wall

Parietal layer

covers the external surface of the specific organs

Visceral layer

reduces friction between moving organs

Serous fluid

Membrane surrounding the heart

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the lungs

Pleura