Primary Health Care and the Philippine Health Care Delivery System

Comprehensive practice questions covering Primary Health Care principles, the Philippine health care delivery system, management functions, levels of care, and introductory anatomy and physiology.

According to the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978, how is health defined?

Health is defined as a fundamental human right.

What did Miller & Keane (1987) define as an "organized plan of health services"?

Health care system

How did Williams & Tungpalan (1981) define health care delivery?

The rendering of health care services to the people.

What is the definition of a health care delivery system according to Williams & Tungpalan (1981)?

The network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people.

How does the Alma-Ata Declaration define primary health care (PHC)?

Important health care derived from scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods, which must be universally accessible to all individuals and based on what the community and country can provide.

What is the ultimate goal of primary health care (PHC) as identified by the WHO?

Better health for all.

What are the five key elements identified by WHO to achieve the goal of PHC?

1. universal coverage to reduce exclusion and social disparities in health; 2. service delivery organized around people's needs and expectations; 3. public policy that integrates health into all sectors; 4. leadership that enhances collaborative models of policy dialogue; and 5. increased stakeholder participation.

Name the eight essential elements of Primary Health Care.

1. Education concerning prevailing health problems; 2. Locally endemic disease prevention and control; 3. Expanded program of immunization; 4. Maternal and child health care including family planning; 5. Essential drugs arrangement; 6. Nutritional food supplement and adequate supply of safe nutrition; 7. Treatment of communicable and non-communicable disease and promotion of mental health; 8. Safe water and sanitation.

What are the basic objectives to launch and sustain primary health care as part of a comprehensive health system?

Improve community health levels; promote favorable population growth; reduce morbidity and mortality rates (infants/children); reduce prevalence of preventable diseases; improve basic sanitation; extend services to underserved sectors; and develop community self-reliance.

In health care management, what does the function of 'Planning' involve?

Setting priorities and determining performance targets.

Define the management function of 'Staffing'.

Acquiring and retaining human resources, and developing and maintaining the workforce through various strategies and tactics.

What is the difference between Authority and Responsibility in management principles?

Authority is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to issue orders and make decisions, while Responsibility is the duty of the employee to perform the assigned tasks and activities.

What describes a 'Line Authority'?

Managers issue orders to their subordinates and are also responsible for the results.

Distinguish between Centralization and Decentralization.

Centralization is the concentration of planning and decision-making at the top of the organization, while Decentralization is the delegation of these tasks to lower branches.

According to Dizon (1977), what is the Philippine health care system?

A complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services.

What government order specifies the mandate of the Department of Health (DOH)?

Executive Order No. 119, Sec. 3.

What is the DOH vision by 2030?

A global leader for attaining better health outcomes, competitive and responsible health care system, and equitable health financing.

What are the characteristics of Tertiary Level Health Care Facilities?

They are specialized national hospitals offering highly technological and sophisticated services for life-threatening diseases requiring specialized knowledge and personnel.

Who are considered 'Grassroot or Village Health Workers'?

Volunteers, community health workers, or traditional birth attendants who serve as the initial links of the community to health care.

Who are categorized as Intermediate Level Health Workers?

Medical practitioners, nurses, and midwives who are the first source of professional health care.

What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

Anatomy describes the structures of the body (names, composition, location), while Physiology studies the function of each structure.

What are the five major divisions of Gross Anatomy?

Surface anatomy, Regional anatomy, Systemic anatomy, Developmental anatomy, and Clinical anatomy.

What are the two major divisions of Microscopic Anatomy?

Cytology (study of cells) and Histology (study of tissues).

List the levels of organization of living things from smallest to largest.

Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, and Organism.

What is the primary function of the Integumentary System?

It protects internal organs and maintains body temperature.