NSCI 2101 exam 1

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

collection of nerves that reach pretty much every part of the head and the body, collecting sensory information and delivering messages to body parts or to PNS neurons

central nervous system (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

cerebrum/forebrain, cerebellum, brainstem

what are the parts of the brain?

cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon

what are the parts of the cerebrum?

cerebral cortex

critical structure for perception, for the initiation of voluntary movement, and for the functions we think of as distinctively human - thinks like language and reasoning (THINKING CAP)

lenticular and caudate nuclei

what are the parts of the basal ganglia?

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia

what are the parts of the telencephalon?

basal ganglia

helps control voluntary movement

limbic system

deals with drives and emotions

cerebellum

coordination of involuntary movement (i.e. balance)

cerebral cortex, lenticular nucleus, caudate nucleus, amygdala

what are the parts of the cerebral cortex?

thalamus, hypothalamus

what are the parts of the diencephalon?

midbrain, pons, medulla

what are the parts of the brainstem?

thalamus

relay station for information on its way to the cerebral cortex

hypothalamus

controls autonomic nervous system and many aspects of drive-related behavior

CNS

where are motor neurons located?

skeletal muscle via PNS

where is motor information sent?

astrocytes

glia for metabolic support, response to injury

oligodendrocytes

glia for CNS mylenation

ependymal cells/choroid plexus

glia that lines ventricles, secrete CSF

schwann cells (PNS)

glia that mylenates the PNS, satellite cells

action potentials

electrical impulses conducted by the axon

axon terminals

release neurotransmitter onto other neurons

sensory neurons

cell bodies live in the PNS, but processes extend through both the PNS and CNS

motor neurons

have cell bodies in the CNS and axons that travel through the PNS to reach skeletal muscle

preganglionic autonomic neurons

have cell bodies in the CNS and axons that travel through the PNS to reach autonomic ganglia

postganglionic autonomic neurons

have cell bodies in the PNS (in the autonomic ganglia) and axons that travel through the PNS to reach smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

local interneurons

entirely contained in the CNS and have short axons that project to nearby CNS areas

projection neurons (more than 99% of all neurons)

contained entirely within the CNS, but they have long axons that project in bundles to distant CNS areas

gray matter

areas in CNS containing neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

white matter

areas in CNS that contain axons

gray matter (answer to question)

what type of matter contains the sites of neural information processing?

white matter (answer to question)

what type of matter connects the sites of neural information processing

nucleus (neuron)

a specific area of gray matter

cortex

when gray matter forms a surface covering

ganglion

“swelling”; usually refers to a group of neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system, but occasionally to refer to masses of CNS gray matter (basal ganglia)

tracts

specific groups of fibers in the areas of white matter