Gov CLEP Mod 2 Court Cases

Identify the year, background, and outcome of Marbury V. Madison.

1803

Background: William Marbury, one of the “Midnight Judges” sued over his undelivered judicial commission

Outcome: Supreme Court ruled it could NOT enforce appointment and established judicial review

Identify the year, background, and outcome of Fletcher V. Peck.

1810

Background: Georgia granted 35 million acres to private speculators; connected to bribery, so Georgia tried to undo grant and Fletcher sued Peck, an original buyer, claiming Peck’s title was invalid.

Outcome: Marked the first time the Supreme Court struck down a state law as invalid; deals between states and individuals are protected by the Contracts Clause.

Identify the year, background, and outcome of Dartmouth College v. Woodward.

1819

Background: New Hampshire attempted to change Dartmouth from a private college into a state/public university by altering its charter.

Outcome: The Contracts Clause protects private corporations/charter from state interference.

Identify the year, background, and outcome of McCulloch v. Maryland.

1819

Background: Maryland tried to tax the federally chartered Second Bank of the United States, and James McCulloch, a cashier, refused to pay.

Outcome: Congress had the implied power to create the bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause, and a state cold not tax a federal institution.

Explain Brown V. Board’s relationship to judicial interpretation and judicial implementation.

Judicial Interpretation - Supreme Court interpreted Fourteenth Amendment to declare state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional, rejecting the “separate but equal” doctrine.

Judicial Implementation - President Eisenhower had to use federal troops at Little Rock to enforce integration when state authorities resisted.

Explain Cherokee Nation V. Georgia and provide the year.

1831

Marshall described Cherokee as “domestic dependent nation” instead of foreign for article iii. The Cherokee had a legitimate claim to their lands.

Explain Worcester V. Georgia and provide the year.

1832

Marshall held the Cherokee constituted a distinct political community and entitled to federal protection against Georgia’s attempts; President Andrew Jackson stated, “It’s Chief Justice John Marshall’s decision, now let him enforce it.”

Name three things that Brown vs. Board of Education did? Who was the chief justice?

1. helped overturn 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson, which advocated “separate but equal”

2. helped set the course for civil rights victories in the 1950s and 60s

3. declared segregation by race in public schools unconstitutional

Chief Justice Earl Warren

What did Engel versus Vitale do? What was the reasoning for the ruling? Provide the year.

the Supreme Court banned the reading of the bible in public schools

placed an indirect coercive pressure upon religious minorities

1962

Explain Griswold vs. Connecticut and provide the year.

1965

Struck down Connecticut’s restriction on contraceptive use by married couples.

Established a Constitutional right to privacy derived from protections in several amendments in the Bill of Rights.

Explain Lawrence vs. Texas and the case it overturns, provide the year.

Overturned Bowers vs. Hardwick 1986 which found homosexual acts illegal in Texas.

2003 - Stated that consenting adult homosexuals did have a right to privacy.

Explain Obergefell v. Hodges and provide the year.

2015

Used the Fourteenth Amendment to make same-sex marriage legal throughout the United States.

Explain Roe V. Wade and provide the year.

1973

Stated in 7-2 opinion, favoring Roe, that the right to privacy included the right to an abortion. Established the trimester framework.

Identify two other cases addressing additional abortion-related issues.

Doe v. Bolton; Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth

Explain Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health organization and provide the year.

2022

repealed Roe V. Wade

overturned nearly 50 years of precedent, eliminating federal Constitutional right to abortion

What did Baker V. Carr (1962) and Reynolds vs Sims (1964) do?

established the “ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE'“ rule in American Constitutional law; asserts each individual’s votes should carry equal weight in the electroal process, ensuring equality and fairness in democratic representation

Explain Evenwel v. Abbott 2016. What did this case center around?

States may use total population, rather than only registered voters when drawing state legislative districts. Centered around interpretation of “one person, one vote” principle from Equal Protection Clause of 14th Amendment.

Connect Korematsu v. United States to something. Year.

1944. Court upheld Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066, accepting government’s national security justification at the time.

Explain Lynch V. Donnelly and year.

1984

Holiday display including a nativity/manger scene did not violate the Establishment Clause because it was part of a broader public holiday display.

What court case did Agnostini vs. Felton reverse? What did Agnostini v Felton decide?

-reversed earlier decision in Aguilar V. Felton

• allowed public school teacher sto provide remedical education to students in religious schools, did not vioalte Establishment Clause of First Amendment

Explain Schenk vs. the United States.

• clear and present danger test

  • 1st amendment does not protect speech that creates a “clear and present danger” of bringing about an illegal act

Explain Tinker v Des Moines and year.

1969

Students wore black armbands protesting the VIetnam War. Court protected students’ symoblic expression in the circumstances.

Identify three cases that allowed for the free expression of radical ideas.

Brandenburg V. Ohio, Cohen V. California, New York TIes CO. V Sullivan

In what case was freedom of speech extended to Internet content? What year?

Reno V. ACLU, 1997

What case invalidated D.C’s handgun ban?

District of Columbia V. Heller / 2008

Mapp v. Ohio explain. Year?

1961

applied exclusionary rule to states; illegally obtained evidence is excluded from court.

Explain Gideon V. Wainwright. Year?

1963

Right to an attorney/counsel for a defendant in covered criminal prosecutions; applies through Fourteenth Amendment.

Explain Escobedu V. Illinois, year?

1964

right to see/counsel and attorney during questioning

Explain Miranda v. Arizona 1966.

1966

Police must inform you of your rights, like right to remain silent, statements used against you, right to attorney, and right to counsel 0 stemming that one from Gideon V. Wainright.