Chapter 9: Photosynthesis

What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

• Autrophs take energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy, which is used to make ATP/ADP.

• Heterotrophs obtain energy from consuming other things

What is the overall reaction (equation) of photosynthesis? (what are the reactants? What are the products?)

• 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

• Reactants: carbon dioxide and water

• Products: glucose and oxygen

Light-independent reactions

Does not use sunlight, 

• The process is the Calvin cycle

• 6 Carbon dioxide goes into the cell

• Sugars are exported 

• NADP+ and ADP are made (goes to LDR)

Light-dependent reactions: Requires sunlight

• Water and light go into the cell

• O2 is exported

• NADPH and ATP are made (goes to the LIR)

What three parts make up ATP? 

• Ribose Sugar, three phosphate groups, and Adenine

How is ATP used by cells? 

active transport, movement, protein synthesis, signal response, and light conversion

When a process uses ATP, what occurs?.

• chemical bonds between the second and third phosphate groups in ATP are broken

Where do each of the phases of photosynthesis occur (specifically)?

• Light-dependent reactions: Thylakoid Membrane

• Light-independent reactions: Stroma

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis? 

It is the principal pigment in photosynthesis and captures sunlight, making the leaves green.

Where are chlorophylls located?

Chloroplasts

What is the function of NADPH?

Hold two high-energy molecules and one hydrogen ion to chemical reactions in the chloroplasts. 

What is produced when water is split? Why is the process so important for photosynthesis? 

• When water splits, oxygen is released, and the two hydrogen ions are used to make ATP and NADPH.

• This process is important because ATP and NADPH power Light are independent reactions.

How are the LDR and LIR interdependent

• LDR makes ATP and NADPH

• LIR uses the ATP and NADPH. It makes ADP and NADP+, which then goes to the LDR.

Light-Independent reactants: 

• 6 Carbon dioxide goes into the cell

Light-Independent reactions products

• Sugars are exported 

• NAP+ and ADP are made (goes to LDR)

Light-dependent products

NADPH and ATP are made (goes to the LIR)

Light-dependent reactants

water

What is another name for the LIR?

Calvin cycle 

What happens when CO2 is added to the LIR cycle? What is produced?

• CO2 is converted into 12 high-energy sugar chains

• Two high-energy sugar chains are released 

• Ten high-energy sugar chains go through a process to become a 5-carbon chain.