Song Dynasty Flashcards

Flashcards about the key aspects of the Song Dynasty.

When did the Song Dynasty exist?

From December to 1450

What was the official state philosophy during the Han dynasty that was revived during the Song dynasty?

Confucianism

What is the hierarchical philosophy that says fathers were greater than sons, husbands greater than wives, rulers greater than subjects

Confucianism

What is the practice of honoring one's ancestors and parents?

Filial piety

What made Neo-Confucianism different from regular Confucianism?

The influence of Buddhist and Taoist philosophical ideas.

In Song China, what was an example of women's legal rights being restricted?

A woman's property became her husband's, and if she was widowed or divorced, she was forbidden to remarry.

What practice in Song Dynasty showed female subordination?

Foot binding

What is a bureaucracy?

A governmental entity that carries out the will of the emperor.

How could eligible men get a good job in the bureaucracy?

Take and pass a civil service examination.

What were the civil service examinations based on?

Confucian classics

What did the civil service examinations ensure?

That the bureaucracy was only staffed with the most qualified men.

What kind of relationship did Korean emperors have with China?

A tributary relationship

What did Korean officials do to maintain a relationship with China?

Visit the Song Court, acknowledge that China was the awesomest, and fall prostrate on the floor before the emperor.

What aspects of Chinese culture did Korea adopt?

Civil service examination, Confucian principles

How did Japan adopt Chinese cultural traits?

Voluntarily

What aspects of Chinese culture did Japan adopt?

Imperial bureaucracy, Chinese Buddhism, and the Chinese writing system

What kind of relationship did Vietnam have with China?

A tributary relationship

What aspects of Chinese culture did elite members of Vietnam society adopt?

Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese literary techniques, and the civil service examination system.

How were women in Vietnam different than women in China?

Women in Vietnam were not nearly as marginalized as they were in China

Where did Buddhism originate?

South Asia

What are Buddhism's four noble truths?

Life is suffering, we suffer because we crave, we see suffering when we cease craving, and the Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of suffering and craving.

What are the 8 principles of the Eightfold Path?

Principles and practices that a Buddhist must follow, most notably a moral lifestyle and a practice of meditation.

Where did Theravada Buddhism originate?

Sri Lanka

What are the characteristics of Theravada Buddhism?

Emphasis on escaping the cycle of birth and death; Buddhist practice was mainly restricted to monks.

Where did Mahayana Buddhism originate?

East Asia

What are the characteristics of Mahayana Buddhism?

Buddhist teachings were available to all and not just a select few; emphasized compassion and made the Buddha into a kind of god.

Where did Tibetan Buddhism originate?

Tibet

What are the characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism?

Emphasized more mystical practices like lying prostrate and elaborate imaginings of deities.

What Chinese innovation allowed China to produce more goods than they needed and then sold the excess on the world market?

Commercialization of the economy

What allowed for a population explosion in China?

Champa Rice