AP Psych: Approaches and Ethics Quiz

Pyschodynamic

unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, interpersonal relationships

defense mechanisms, identification, ego, superego

Behavioral

Learned behaviors, conditioning, reinforcement

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, positive and negative reinforcement

Cognitive

mental processes, memory, thinking, problem-solving

attention, perception, angauge, decision-making

Biological

physcial and biological bases of behavior

brain structure, neurotransmitters, genetics

sociocultural

how culture influences human behavior

cultural norms, values, beliefs

evolutionary

how the theory of evolution can explain psychological processes

natural selection, adaptation, survival of the fittest

humanistic

motivation, self-actualization, personal growth

maslow’s hierarchy of needs, uncondtional positive regard

A. beneficence and nonmaleficence

• protect individuals interacted with by psychologists

• avoids/minimizes harm in conflict

• awareness of health to better help others

B. Fidelity and responsibility

• relationships/trust with coworkers

• uphold work eithics and responsibilities

• serve best interests

• contribute professional time for little gain

C. Integrity

• honesty/accuracy

• obligation to consider consequences or correct mistakes

D. Justice

• all persons benefit from psychological contributions

• reasonable judgement to avoid unjust practice

E. Respect people’s rights and dignity

• respect worth of all people

• special safeguards may be necessary to protect rights

• respect controversial factors (culture, age, race, gender)

• don’t knowingly condone activities of bias

Section 3.04

Psychologists do what is necessary in order to avoid harm to patients and coworkers when it is avoidable

Section 3.10

Informed consent: when working they obtain informed consent in an understandable way except when consent is not allowed by law

consent- ethical agreement made by adult with capacity

assent- willing agreements to participate given by someone who lacks legal capacity(child)

Section 4.01

precautions are taken to ensure that confidential information is protected or may be regulated by laws, rules, or relationships; allows patients to feel open without fear of exposure

Section 8.07

deception is okay when justified by scientific and educational value; will be explained as early as feasable

section 8.08

purpose of debriefing is to correct misconceptions held by participants; when harm is made or will be made, steps are taken to correct it

Section 8.09 APA guidelines for animal research

• animals are cared for and disposed of according to law

• experienced animal specialists observe/ supervise everything

• instructions are given prior to make sure everyone knows the circumstances

8.10 and 8.11

• fabrication and plagiarism is prohibited

• errors are corrected if noticed

Purpose of institutional review board (IRB)?

• protects rights and welfare of human research subjects

• responsibility of reviewing research with humans to protect welfare

• must have 5 individuals of varying backgrounds for review