AP Psych Unit 2 Quizizz 09/24

Diagram info discussed in class not included here, Helpful pgs: 106

Lesion

Tissue destruction

CT Scan

A series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain’s structure

PET Scan

A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.

MRI

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue; MRIs show brain anatomy

fMRI

Technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function as well as structure.

Cerebral Cortex

The body’s ultimate control and information-processing center

Frontal Lobes

Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

Parietal Lobes

Receive sensory input for touch and body position

Occipital Lobes

Includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Temporal Lobes

Includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Motor Cortex

Area that controls voluntary movements

Somatosensory Cortex

An area that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Association Areas

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, thinking, remembering, and speaking

Plasticity

The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage of by building new pathways based on experience.

Neurogenesis

The formation of new neurons

Corpus Callosum

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Split Brain

A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them

Consciousness

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

Cognitive Neuroscience

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Dual Processing

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Blindsight

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it 

Behavior Genetics

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Heredity

The genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring

Environment

Every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Chromosomes

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Genes

Segments of DNA that can synthesize proteins; biochemical units that make up the chromosomes

Genome

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes

Identical (Monozygotic) Twins

Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

Fraternal (Dizygotic) Twins

Develop from separate fertilized eggs; no closer than regular siblings, just shared same prenatal environment

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes; the heritability of a trait depends on range of populations and environments studied

Evolutionary Psychology

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Natural Selection

The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will be passed on to succeeding generations

Mutation

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Social Script

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations