Group Difference and Bias in Intelligence

These flashcards cover key concepts related to heritability, environmental influences, gender differences, and biases in intelligence testing.

Heritability

The measure of how much of a trait's variation in a population can be attributed to genetic factors.

Identical twins

Twins that develop from a single fertilized egg and share the same genetic material, often used in studies of heritability.

Environmental influence

The impact of external factors, such as socio-economic status or educational opportunities, on cognitive development.

Gender differences in intelligence

The small performance differences between males and females in areas such as spatial ability and verbal skills.

Predictive validity

The extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts future performance or behavior.

Growth mindset (Carol Dweck)

The belief that abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work, as opposed to a fixed mindset which assumes abilities are static.

IQ variance

The range of differences in IQ scores among individuals within a particular group.

Cognitive performance

The ability to use reasoning, memory, attention, and problem-solving skills effectively.

Fixed mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities are static and cannot be changed.

Bias in intelligence tests

The potential for tests to favor certain groups over others, affecting their predictive validity across genders and ethnicities.