METABOLIC DS

a metabolic disease characterized by deposition of urates on the surfaces of various internal organs, or various joints

GOUT

•It is a very common finding during postmortem examination of poultry, and can be a source of great economic loss to the farmer

GOUT

GOUT: •Birds usually die from ____

kidney failure

•In layers, though relatively rare, gout can be seen even up to 50th week, and is mostly of ____origin

nutritional

2 forms of gout

1. VISCERAL

2. ARTICULAR

causes of gout

•Lack of water, or inadequate supply of water (dehydration)

•Inadequate number of drinkers, or even just overcrowding

•Excess of dietary calcium, or calcium:phosphorus imbalance, or low intake of phosphorus in relation to calcium

•Increased intake of protein

•Vitamin A deficiency

•Excessive amount of salt (sodium chloride)

•Infection with certain kidney damaging strains of infectious bronchitis virus in young chickens

•Fungal toxins (mycotoxins), such as oosporein and ochratoxin

•An electrolyte excess or deficiency

•Treatment with sodium bicarbonate

gout: Presence of _______ on the surfaces of heart, liver, kidneys, proventriculus, and lungs

white chalky deposits

gout: •The chalky deposits first begin on the ___and then spread

heart

gout diagnosis

post-mortem findings

tx for gout

1. give water containing electrolytes (30 drinkers per 1000 birds)

2. correct overcrowding

3. reduce high level of protein

4. increase maize

5. avoid feeding high level of calcium before sexual maturity

6. use urine acidifiers such as DL-methionine and MHA

formation of urinary calculi in the urinary tract, mainly kidneys

UROLITHIASIS

•The condition is characterized by gout in the kidneys and abdominal organs, marked reduction in the size of one or both kidneys (atrophy) and distended ureters, often containing calculi (uroliths)

UROLITHIASIS

primarily a disease of laying flocks

UROLITHIASIS

MYCOTOXINS that damage kidneys resulting to urolithiasis

1. ochratoxin

2. oosporein

postmortem finding of urolithiasis

calcium sodium urate

is an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity of chickens.

ascites

has emerged as a major source of economic loss in the broiler industry

ascites

imbalance between oxygen supply and the oxygen required to sustain rapid growth rates and high food efficiencies

ascites

is a condition in which there is a failure or inadequate deposition of minerals in the bones, that is, calcium and phosphorus

rickets

causes increased bone flexibility and deformity, resulting in lameness

rickets

•The bones do not break with a sudden sharp sound, because they become soft and rubbery from poor mineralization

rickets

The beak and shanks are soft and pliable

rickets

•In birds with severe rickets, the keel bones are not straight, but twisted, bent, or curved, ribs are 'beaded’.

rickets

metabolic disorder characterized by a very fatty liver, accompanied by hemorrhages

fatty liver hemorrhagic

•Reduce energy intake, either by feed restriction, or by lowering the metabolizable energy

•Addition of choline and inositol to the feed has given variable results

•Avoid use of moldy feed or feed ingredients in the poultry diets

fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome

metabolic ds

1. gout

2. urolithiasis

3. ascites

4. fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome

5. rickets