Communication Sciences and Disorders 105 Exam 3

Fluency disorders are characterized by..

stops, starts and hesitations

How many people are affected by stuttering?

About 1-2%

Fluency is..

flow of out speech when communicating

Disfluency is..

speech behavior that disrupts fluent output of speech

fluency disorder

disturbance in normal fluency and timing patterns of speech

Core features of stuttering

Repetition, prolongation, block

secondary features of stuttering

physical behaviors like pauses, word changes, eye blinks and negative feelings or attitudes

circumlocution

talking around a word or substituting it with another word or phrase

__% of ppl have stuttered at some time in their life

5

_% of ppl are affected by stuttering their whole life

1

spontaneous recovery

occurs without treatment

assisted recovery

occurs with help of a professional

Stuttering is harder to treat in...

girls

Children that get treatment early on for stuttering have a ___ chance of recovering

better

Is there a way to know whether a child will recover from stuttering?

No

What is the cause and ages of those with developmental fluency disorders?

unkown, and 2-5 years

__% of children with developmental stuttering will continue to have a fluency disorder 4 years following its onset.

25

__% of children with developmental stuttering will recover within 4 years

75

NEARLY all children go through a period of ..

disfluency

Normal disfluencies..

interjection, revision, multisyllabic word repetition (all normal to an extent)

stuttering like disfluencies

Single syllable word repetitions, part word repetitions, prolongations

Preschoolers core behaviors include

repetition (most common), sound prolongations, and blocking

preschoolers secondary behaviors

head nods, eye blinks, interjections

Intermediate stuttering refers to ..

school age children

core behaviors of school age children

prolongations and blocking (most common)

Secondary behaviors in school age children,,

are more evident, thy try to avoid blocks or escape blocks

Avoiding a block means

substituting words or phrases

Escaping a block means to

nod your head and blink eyes

Advanced stuttering is used to describe stuttering in

adults or teens

Core and secondary behaviors in advanced stutterers are similar to those of...

school-aged children

acquired fluency disorders (onset and occurance)

can happen at anytime in life, and are less frequent than developmental stuttering

Neurogenic stuttering can be caused by..

strokes, tbi's, epilepsy, metabolic disorders or tumors

Psychogenic stuttering can be caused by..

serious trauma, a psychiatric disorder, or triggered by a stressor

cluttering is

rapid or unusual rate of speech that results in disfluencies and blending of sounds or unusual pauses

in cluttering articulation errors are...

common

People with cluttering are often not aware of their disorder which is unlike people with...

stuttering

the term “core feature” or “core behaviors” emphasizes that speech disfluencies are the original and primary source of communicative difficulty experienced by ...

those with fluency disorders

4 types of core features

part word repetition, single syllable word repetition, sound prolongations, block

Types of Secondary features

Escape behaviors, avoidance behaviors, and feelings and attitudes

predisposing factors

make a child more likely to stutter than others because of their gender or family history

precipitating factors risk factors

age 2-3 years, environmental stressors

2 types of clinician treatment for stuttering

stuttering modification and fluency shaping

stuttering modification goal is to

control the stuttering (stutter less)

fluency shaping goal is to

control the fluency (get rid of it)

abduction is when

vocal folds rest in a far away position

adduction is when

vocal folds are close together

fundamental frequency is the

number of times the vocal folds vibrate due to hitting each other

frequency is ..

measurable

Pitch is..

non measurable