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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
supports the body, protects organs, produces blood cells, etc…
How does the skeletal system maintain homeostasis using osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts?
Osteocytes: signal osteoclasts to break down
Osteoclasts: break down the tissue
Osteoblasts: rebuild the bone tissue
Describe the 4 types of bone tissue: spongy bone, compact bone, bone marrow, and periosteum
Spongy bone: bone tissue found inside most bones & provides space for bone marrow
Compact bone: the highly dense tissue on the outside of the bone to provide strength & support
Bone marrow: soft tissue found in the cavity of long bones & produce blood cells
Periosteum: tough outer tissue that allows tendons and ligaments to attach
Identify examples of the three main types of joints: immovable, partly moveable, and synovial
Immovable: the bones are tightly fused together allowing no movement (the skull has these joints)
Party moveable: allow for limited movement (knee/elbow)
Synovial: offers a wide range of motion (shoulder/hip)
Identify examples of the three main types of synovial joints: ball and socket, pivot, and hinge
Ball and socket: movement in all directions
Pivot: allows for movement side to side and rotational in the neck
Hinge: movement like a door hinge (extension & retraction)
Explain how evolutionary anatomists can compare a human hand, a chicken wing and a fish fin
they are all considered homologous meaning they all have the same structure as each other even though not the same function
Explain how the shape of the pelvis and vertebral column are related to walking upright
the pelvis is bowl shaped which provides a balance on each side while walking upright & the vertebral column keeps the center of gravity aligned with the pelvis
What are the causes and symptoms of Osteoarthritis?
Symptoms: joint swelling, limited movement, joint pain, etc..
Causes: aging, injury, or hereditary
What are the causes and symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis?
Symptoms: joint pain, fatigue, fever
Causes: chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation
What are the causes and symptoms of Osteoporosis?
Symptoms: sudden bone fractures
Causes: bone loss, smoking, low body weight
What are the causes and symptoms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
Symptoms: easy fractures, loose joints, weak muscles
Causes: mutation in the gene that controls collagen production
Describe the functions of the three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal: voluntary movement to move bones
Cardiac: involuntary movement to pump blood through the heart
Smooth: voluntary movement regulating digestion and blood pressure
