epithelial tissues quiz (anatomy)

tissues

groups of cells with similar structure and function

4 primary tissue types

- epithelial tissue

- connective tissue

- muscle tissue

- nervous tissue

where can you find epithelial tissue?

- body coverings

- body linings

- glandular tissue

what are the functions of epithelial tissue?

- protection

- absorption

- filtration

- secretion

hallmark of epithelial tissues

- cover and line body surfaces

- form sheets with one free surface, the apical surface, and an anchored surface, the basement membrane

- avascular (no blood supply)

- regenerate easily if well nourished

2 ways to classify epithelial tissue

- number of cell layers

- shape of cells

number of cell layers

- simple

- stratified

simple

one layer

stratified

more than one layer

shapes of cells

- squamous

- cuboidal

- columnar

squamous

flattened like fish scales

cuboidal

cube shaped, like dice

columnar

shaped like columns

simple epithelia

- function: absorption, secretion, and filtration

- very thin (not suited for protection)

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flat cells

simple squamous epithelium location

- lines air sacs of the lungs

- forms walls of capillaries

- forms serous membranes (serosae) that line and cover organs in ventral cavity

simple squamous epithelium functions

- diffusion

- filtration

- secretion

simple cuboidal epithelium

single layer of cub like cells

simple cuboidal epithelium location

- common in glands and their ducts

- forms walls of kidney tubules

- covers the surface of ovaries

simple cuboidal epithelium functions

- secretion

- absorption

- ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

simple columnar epithelium

single layer of tall cells

simple columnar epithelium location

- lining of the digestive tract from stomach to anus

- mucous membranes (mucosae) line body cavities opening to the exterior

simple columnar epithelium function

- secretion

- absorption

- ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- all cells rest on a basement membrane

- single layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification

pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

- respiratory tract, where it is ciliated and known as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

- absorption

- secretion

stratified epithelia

- consists of two or more layers of cells

- function: protection

stratified squamous epithelium

- named for cells present at the free (apical) surface, which are squamous

stratified squamous epithelium location

- skin (outer portion)

- mouth

- esophagus

stratified squamous epithelium function

- protective covering where friction is common

stratified cuboidal epithelium

two players of cuboidal cells

stratified cuboidal epithelium location

- rare in human body

- found mainly in ducts of large glands

stratified cuboidal epithelium function

protection

stratified columnar epithelium

surface cells are columnar and cells underneath vary in size and shape

stratified columnar epithelium location

- rare in human body

- found mainly in ducts of large glands

stratified columnar epithelium function

protection

transitional epithelium

- composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium

- shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching

transitional epithelium location

- lining of urinary system organs

transitional epithelium function

- stretching

- the ability to return to normal shape

glandular epithelium

one or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product

2 major gland types that develop from epithelial sheets

- endocrine glands

- exocrine glands

endocrine glands

- ductless

- secretions diffuse into blood vessels

- includes: thyroid, adrenals, and pituitary

exocrine glands

- secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

- includes: sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas