6.4 & 6.7 AP Euro - Social Effects and Changes of Industrial Revoultion

Proletariat

The working class, particularly those employed in factories or mines.

Bourgeoise

The middle class or white collar workers, such as those in medicine, management, or law.

Urbanization

The process of moving from rural areas to urban centers, leading to increased population in cities.

Tenements

Hastily constructed apartment buildings characterized by poor ventilation and no indoor plumbing.

Mutual aid societies

Organizations formed by the working class to provide support for each other in times of need.

Cult of domesticity

The 19th-century ideal that women should remain at home and maintain the household as a status symbol.

Factory Act of 1833

Legislation that prohibited children under 9 from working and mandated schooling for children.

Leisure culture

The social activities and pastimes enjoyed by people, such as urban parks, theater, and sports.

Liberalism

An ideology emphasizing individual rights, limited government, and popular sovereignty.

Utilitarianism

The ethical theory that actions should be judged based on their contribution to overall happiness and well-being.

Chartism

A working-class movement in Britain that sought to extend voting rights to all men.

Socialism

The political and economic theory advocating for community ownership of production and wealth redistribution.

Utopian Socialism

A form of socialism that envisions ideal societies based on cooperative and communal living.

Marxism

A socio-economic theory developed by Karl Marx that advocates for class struggle and community ownership of production.

Anarchy

The belief that all forms of governmental authority are unnecessary and should be replaced by cooperative societies.

Karl Marx

The founder of Marxism, who analyzed the effects of capitalism and advocated for communism, focusing on class struggle.

Jeremy Bentham

An English philosopher known for his role in developing utilitarianism, emphasizing the greatest good for the greatest number.

Robert Owen

A founder of Utopian Socialism, he established cooperative communities and advocated for social reform.

Friedrich Engels

A collaborator with Karl Marx, he co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto' and contributed to Marxist theory.

John Stuart Mill

A liberal philosopher who expanded on utilitarianism and advocated for individual liberty and social reform.

Macau Bakunan

Spanish anarchist promoting mutualism and individual freedom.

George Sorel

French philosopher emphasizing myth and violence in social movements.

Flora Tristan

French socialist and feminist advocating for workers' rights and cooperation.