Cold War: Key Conferences, Policies, and Espionage

What principle was guaranteed for Poland and other Eastern European countries at the wartime conferences?

Self-determination and democratic elections.

Which four countries agreed to occupy Germany in four zones?

The United States, Great Britain, The Soviet Union, and France.

What international organization was established as a result of the wartime conferences?

The United Nations.

What did the Soviet Union agree to do after Germany was defeated?

Declare war on Japan.

What was the strategy of containment based on?

The ideas of George Kennan, who argued that the Soviet Union aimed to expand its influence and must be contained.

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A pledge to help free people in Greece and Turkey resist revolutions supported by the Soviet Union.

What financial aid did Congress approve for Greece and Turkey under the Truman Doctrine?

$300 million for Greece and $100 million for Turkey.

What was the Marshall Plan designed to do?

Rebuild the European economy after WWII through a massive infusion of American capital.

What event prompted Congress to provide $13 billion for the Marshall Plan?

Stalin's occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1948.

What was NATO?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a peacetime alliance formed in 1949 including the US and several European nations.

What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift?

To supply West Berlin with food and fuel after Stalin blockaded the city.

What was the outcome of the Berlin Airlift?

Stalin lifted the blockade in May 1949, admitting defeat.

What was Truman's Fair Deal?

A platform advocating national health insurance, civil rights legislation, and a national minimum wage.

Who won the Chinese Civil War in 1949?

Mao Zedong and the communist forces.

What was the National Security Act of 1947?

It created the Department of Defense, the CIA, and the National Security Council.

What did NSC-68 propose?

A massive military buildup to surpass Soviet military capabilities.

What was the Military Industrial Complex?

The relationship between military spending and corporate interests that expanded after NSC-68.

What initiated the Korean War in 1950?

The North Korean invasion of South Korea, supported by the Soviet Union.

What was the result of the Korean War?

A stalemate leading to an armistice, with no peace treaty signed.

What was revealed by the Venona Papers?

A massive Soviet spying program and the involvement of American spies in passing atomic secrets.

Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

Individuals convicted of espionage for passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

What was HUAC?

The House Un-American Activities Committee, which investigated suspected communists.

Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy?

A senator who exploited the Red Scare to promote his career by claiming communists infiltrated the government.

What was the impact of McCarthyism?

Many Americans were blacklisted and had their careers ruined without concrete evidence.